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Pulmonary complications in primary humoral deficiencies are frequent and varied and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The types of complications include bronchiectasis secondary to recurrent respiratory infections and interstitial pulmonary involvement, which can be associated with autoimmune cytopenias, lymphoproliferation, and a range of immunological manifestations. Early detection is key to timely management. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy reduces the severity of disease, the frequency of exacerbations, and hospital admissions in some primary humoral deficiencies. Therefore, the presence of pulmonary disease with concomitant infectious and\/or autoimmune complications should raise suspicion of primary humoral deficiencies and warrants a request for immunoglobulin determination in blood. Once diagnosis is confirmed; early immunoglobulin replacement therapy will improve the course of the disease. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease related to primary humoral deficiencies and favor the development of targeted therapies that improve the prognosis of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7140919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T23:05:06Z","timestamp":1649631906000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pulmonary Manifestations of Primary Humoral Deficiencies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5152-8903","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Casal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Riveiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Antelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Ferreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Pneumology Interdisciplinary Research Group, Santiago de Compostela Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Lama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Toubes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Pneumology Interdisciplinary Research Group, Santiago de Compostela Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00228801"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-8-57"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"3","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200508-089js"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00202-7","article-title":"Lung disease in primary antibody deficiency","volume":"3","author":"N. 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