{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:10:45Z","timestamp":1777043445692,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":242,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in modern power systems is getting complex, due to intermittency in the output power of multiple sources along with considerable digressions in the loads and system parameters. To address this problem, this paper proposes an approach to calculate Power System Restoration Indices (PSRI) of a 2\u2010area thermal\u2010hydro restructured power system. This study also highlights the necessary ancillary service requirements for the system under a deregulated environment to cater to large\u2010scale power failures and entire system outages. An abrupt change in consumer load demands and disturbances in any control region (area) of a multiarea (interrelated) system causes severe fluctuations in frequency and interarea power exchanges. However, simple Proportional and Integral (PI) controllers are most prevalent in the literature to effectively resolve AGC issues, while its integral gain is smaller due to the larger overshoot in transient performance. Therefore, an attempt has been made with a novel control strategy, known as the pseudoderivative feedforward with feedback (PDFF) controller, is developed to keep the interarea power exchanges and the frequency to the specified limits after load changes. A PDFF controller is designed and implemented using the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) to obtain optimal dynamic performance for different types of potential power flows in a restructured power system under investigation. The proposed PDFF controller localizes the zero at an optimal place that reduces the rise time of the step\u2010response to reduce the excessive overshoot and gives much better dynamic performances as compared to the PI control structure. The Integral Square Error (ISE) is considered as a performance criterion to derive the optimized gain of the PDFF control structure using FPA. Different PSRI are computed based on the transient response of the 2\u2010area deregulated multisource system and different restoration measures to be taken are also discussed. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed approach is very powerful in decreasing the frequency and tie\u2010power digressions under different load perturbations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7157524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T21:50:08Z","timestamp":1661982608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Application of Flower Pollination Algorithm for Solving Complex Large\u2010Scale Power System Restoration Problem Using PDFF Controllers"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. 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