{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:34:19Z","timestamp":1785202459888,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Compared with the classical structure with only one controller in software-defined networking (SDN), multi-controller topology structure in SDN provides a new type of cross-domain forwarding network architecture with multiple centralized controllers and distributed forwarding devices. However, when the network includes multiple domains, lack of trust among the controllers remains a challenge how to verify the correctness of cross-domain forwarding behaviors in different domains. In this paper, we propose a novel secure multi-controller rule enforcement verification (BlockREV) mechanism in SDN to guarantee the correctness of cross-domain forwarding. We first adopt blockchain technology to provide the immutability and privacy protection for forwarding behaviors. Furthermore, we present an address-based aggregate signature scheme with appropriate cryptographic primitives, which is provably secure in the random oracle model. Moreover, we design a verification algorithm based on hash values of forwarding paths to check the consistency of forwarding order. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed BlockREV mechanism is effective and suitable for multi-controller scenarios in SDN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7294638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T15:05:08Z","timestamp":1641913508000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["BlockREV: Blockchain-Enabled Multi-Controller Rule Enforcement Verification in SDN"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7367-4979","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"College of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songtao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3431832.3431842"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/ijacsa.2021.0120109"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/fitee.1500321"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372046"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/infocom.2017.8056994"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","article-title":"A survey of software-defined networking: past, present, and future of programmable networks","volume":"16","author":"B. N. Astuto","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2757955","article-title":"A software defined fog node based distributed blockchain cloud architecture for iot","volume":"6","author":"P. K. Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dynamic packet forwarding verification in sdn","volume":"16","author":"L. Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"key":"9","first-page":"15","article-title":"Veriflow: verifying network-wide invariants in real time","author":"A. Khurshid"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107119"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626323"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.5440"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.05.046"},{"issue":"11","key":"14","article-title":"A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: current status, classification and open issues","volume":"36","author":"F. Casino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2930715"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2017.1700041"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsc.2020.2966970"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/aect47998.2020.9194181"},{"key":"19","article-title":"Secure software-defined networking based on blockchain","author":"J. Weng","year":"2019"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3278-8_9"},{"key":"21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain-enabled authentication handover with efficient privacy protection in SDN-based 5G networks","volume":"99","author":"A. Yazdinejad","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"22","first-page":"17","article-title":"SDIoBot: a software-defined internet of blockchains of things model","volume":"8","author":"N. Rajabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Internet of Things"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-39200-9_26"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsyst.2019.2921788"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2009.2028893"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"An efficient certificate-based signature scheme without pairings","author":"J. Zhang","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSE.2009.763"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/snpd.2007.132"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051521"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2017.2705218"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2015.2473820"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1514274.1514278"},{"issue":"2","key":"32","first-page":"333","article-title":"An aggregate signature scheme with specified verifier","volume":"20","author":"Y. Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Electronics"},{"key":"33","article-title":"Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"S. Nakamoto","year":"2009"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1355734.1355746"},{"key":"35","first-page":"556","article-title":"Efficient multi-party fair contract signing protocol based on blockchains","volume":"5","author":"Y. Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryptologic Research"},{"key":"36","article-title":"Multiprecision integer and rational arithmetic C\/C++ library","author":"Miracl Cryptographic Library","year":"2008"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2012.2186992"}],"container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2022\/7294638.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2022\/7294638.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2022\/7294638.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T15:05:23Z","timestamp":1641913523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2022\/7294638\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Valenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["7294638","7294638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/7294638","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-0122","1939-0114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-0122","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-0114","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]}}}