{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:46:57Z","timestamp":1778183217973,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"12th Project of Medicine of PLA of China","award":["CSY14C005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSY14C005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza pandemics are a global threat to human health, with existing vaccines and antiviral drugs providing limited protection. There is an urgent need for new prophylactic and treatment strategies. In this study, 12 short hairpin (sh)RNAs targeting conserved regions of influenza A virus (IAV) matrix protein (M)2, nucleocapsid protein (NP), nonstructural protein (NS), and polymerase acidic (PA) were synthesized, and their effects on IAV replication in cells were investigated using Madin\u2013Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells transfected with the shRNA plasmids. Additionally, mice were administered a polyethyleneimine PEI\/pLKD-NP-391 complex in aerosol form and then infected with AIV, and viral particles in the mouse lung were detected. IAV production was markedly lower in MDCK cells transfected with pLKD-M-121, pLKD-M-935, pLKD-NP-391, pLKD-NP-1291, pLKD-PA-1365, and pLKD-PA-1645 plasmids than in control cells (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.01<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The viral load in MDCK cells was decreased by transfection of plasmids pLKD-M-121 (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and pLKD-M-935, pLKD-NP-391, pLKD-NP-1291, pLKD-PA-1365, and pLKD PA-1645 (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.01<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) compared to an empty plasmid. The viral load was significantly lower in the lungs of mice transfected with pLKD-NP-391 than in the control plasmid and mock transfection groups (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.01<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.05<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, respectively). Thus, IAV production was inhibited by shRNAs targeting matrix IAV components; moreover, inhalation of a PEI\/pLKD-NP-391 complex in aerosol form suppressed IAV production in infected mice. Thus, these shRNAs can be effective for the prevention and treatment of influenza virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7404813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T04:05:51Z","timestamp":1650686751000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influenza A Virus Production in Mouse Lung Is Inhibited by Inhalation of Aerosol Polyethylenimine\/Short Hairpin RNA Plasmid Complexes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenhui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0027-0193","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhuang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenwu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0903906"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710791299957"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.17.3083"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.880001"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(02)00280-4"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0437841100"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402486101"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.07.002"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2000.0087"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35888"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.06.008"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.07.017"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912186107"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2009.04.001"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005671"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1087-8"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9853681","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"record-id":"48447"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9853681","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000}}],"container-title":["Disease 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