{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T16:35:56Z","timestamp":1758040556069,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":230,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171207","82172190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171207","82172190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014862","name":"YangZhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YZ2021088","YZ2021148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YZ2021088","YZ2021148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) is rapidly disseminated worldwide, and it continues to threaten global public health. Recently, the Delta variant has emerged as the most dreaded variant worldwide. COVID\u201019 predominantly affects the respiratory tract, and studies have reported the transient effects of COVID\u201019 on digestive system function. However, the relationship between the severity of the Delta variant and digestive system function remains to be investigated. Additionally, data on the ability of the inactive Chinese vaccines (Sinovac or Sinopharm) to protect against the Delta variant or COVID\u201019\u2010induced gastrointestinal symptoms in the real world are insufficient. Thus, the present retrospective observational study first attempted to use the total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores (GSRS) to quantify the possible changes in digestive system functions following the Delta variant infection in the early stage. In addition, the study discusses the potential of inactivated vaccines in preventing severe or critical symptoms or Delta variant\u2010induced digestive system dysfunction. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. To evaluate the difference between mild illness group, moderate illness group, and severe or critical illness group, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the three groups' total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores (GSRS). A chi\u2010squared test was used to compare the differences in the ratio of the abnormal biochemical measurements among the three groups first. Then, the percentage of the vaccinated population was compared among the three groups. Additionally, the ratio of the abnormal serum markers between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated cohorts was compared. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Significant differences were observed in the abnormal ratio of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Interleukin 6 (IL\u20106) ratio among the three groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the abnormal serum markers ratio between day 14 and day 21 after treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the total GSRS scores among the three groups and the ratio of the vaccinated population among the three groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the ratio of the abnormal serum ALT and AST levels between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated cohorts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. In summary, serum AST, DBIL, LDH, and IL\u20106 levels are potential markers for distinguishing severe or critical patients in the early stage of the Delta variant infection. Additionally, changes in the levels of these serum makers are transient, and the levels can return to normal after treatment. Furthermore, severe gastrointestinal discomfort was significantly more prevalent in patients with severe or critical diseases and should thus be considered in patients diagnosed with Delta variant infection. Finally, inactivated vaccines may prevent severe or critical symptoms and Delta variant\u2010induced liver dysfunction. Vaccination programs must be promoted to protect public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7405448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T12:20:11Z","timestamp":1660911611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Real\u2010World Evidence for COVID\u201019 Delta Variant\u2019s Effects on the Digestive System and Protection of Inactivated Vaccines from a Medical Center in Yangzhou, China: A Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruijin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuying","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ce","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3812-3164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3035-7786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cunjin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7063-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30185-9"},{"volume-title":"Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19)","year":"2021","author":"Cascella M.","key":"e_1_2_10_2_2"},{"volume-title":"COVID-19 cases worldwide","year":"2021","key":"e_1_2_10_3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract11040093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7043e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i32.4753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(20)30076-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05762-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i45.6681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4177-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/605460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3881\/j.issn.1000-503X.2013.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.910854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.40.261.29795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Mildly elevated liver transaminase levels in the asymptomatic patient","volume":"71","author":"Giboney P. 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