{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:33:56Z","timestamp":1784957636740,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish government salary funding for clinically oriented medical research"},{"name":"\u00c5ke Wiberg\u2019s Foundation"},{"name":"Maggie Stephens\u2019 Foundation"},{"name":"Professor Nanna Svartz\u2019 Foundation"},{"name":"Apotekare Hedberg\u2019s Foundation"},{"name":"Inger Bendix\u2019 Foundation"},{"name":"Alfred \u00d6sterlund\u2019s Foundation"},{"name":"King Gustaf V\u2019s Foundation"},{"name":"Greta and Johan Kock\u2019s Foundation"},{"name":"Anna-Greta Crafoord\u2019s Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Swedish Rheumatism Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of infections; therefore, immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases is important. Methotrexate (MTX) impairs the antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in patients with arthritis, and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the potential role of the innate immune system in the faltering antibody response following PCV vaccination in RA patients treated with MTX. Phenotypes of circulating granulocytes and monocytes were analyzed in 11 RA patients treated with MTX, 13 RA patients without disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment (0DMARD), and 13 healthy controls (HC). Peripheral blood samples were collected before and 7 days after vaccination. In addition, the MTX group was sampled before initiating treatment. Frequencies of granulocyte and monocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry. Serotype-specific IgG were quantified using a multiplex bead assay, pre- and 4-6 weeks after vaccination. At baseline, no differences in granulocyte and monocyte frequencies were observed between the groups. Within the MTX group, the frequency of basophils increased during treatment and was higher compared to the HC and 0DMARD groups at the prevaccination time point. MTX patients were categorized into responders and nonresponders according to the antibody response. Before initiation of MTX, there were no differences in granulocyte and monocyte frequencies between the two subgroups. However, following 6-12 weeks of MTX treatment, both the frequency and concentration of monocytes were lower in PCV nonresponders compared to responders, and the difference in monocyte frequency remained after vaccination. In conclusion, the suppressive effect of MTX on monocyte concentration and frequency could act as a biomarker to identify nonresponders to PCV vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7561661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T03:06:01Z","timestamp":1659063961000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Methotrexate Treatment Suppresses Monocytes in Nonresponders to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-9932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evelina","family":"Elm\u00e9r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Sk\u00e5ne, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0879-8195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Per","family":"Nived","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5701-5380","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Nephrology, Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-6592","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lillemor","family":"Skattum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Sk\u00e5ne, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2952-1155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hellmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Nephrology, Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7853-514X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meliha C.","family":"Kapetanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4800-9365","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c5sa C. M.","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Region Sk\u00e5ne, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7100161"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.124"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215882"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10524"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30580"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei193"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170710"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22246"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0373-9"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214025"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88491-2"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.77299"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.28"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-258558"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10545"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33418"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00471"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01781"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584"},{"issue":"5","key":"21","first-page":"S40","article-title":"The disease activity score (DAS) and the disease activity score using 28 joint counts (DAS28) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"P. L. van Riel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2004.11.006"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3928"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-014-0375-y"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028918"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2312"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12722"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4191-1"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.666953"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.023"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211128"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213222"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00735-14"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4444"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2019.0132"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202151"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.012"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.12.023"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.01.011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2022\/7561661.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2022\/7561661.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2022\/7561661.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T03:06:23Z","timestamp":1659063983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2022\/7561661\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dawei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["7561661","7561661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/7561661","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-7156","2314-8861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]}}}