{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:35:11Z","timestamp":1787240111717,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665187200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Onchocerciasis is a major public health problem caused by Onchocerca volvulus parasite and transmitted to humans via black flies (simulium) bites. The control of onchocerciasis relies much on the use of the chemical drug ivermectin, which is only effective against microfilariae and has led to drug resistance. This study was carried out to assess the in vitro antifilarial activity of methanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria and its most active fractions on adult male O. ochengi worm, the closest model to O. volvulus, after 48\u2009h and 72\u2009h of treatment. Worms\u2019 viability was determined biochemically by MTT\/formazan colorimetry assay. The promising plant extract\u2019s acute and subacute oral toxicity were evaluated on both mice and rats. The result revealed a highest antifilarial activity of the methanolic extract (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mtext>L<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:msub>\n                          <a:mrow>\n                            <a:mtext>C<\/a:mtext>\n                          <\/a:mrow>\n                          <a:mrow>\n                            <a:mn>50<\/a:mn>\n                          <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:msub>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>12.28<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mtext>\u2009<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mi>\u03bc<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mtext>g<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mo>\/<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mtext>mL<\/a:mtext>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) compared to ivermectin (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mtext>L<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:msub>\n                          <c:mrow>\n                            <c:mtext>C<\/c:mtext>\n                          <\/c:mrow>\n                          <c:mrow>\n                            <c:mn>50<\/c:mn>\n                          <\/c:mrow>\n                        <\/c:msub>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>26.50<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mtext>\u2009<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mi>\u03bc<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mtext>g<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mo>\/<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mtext>mL<\/c:mtext>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) after 72\u2009h of treatment. Out of the eight (08), chromatographic fractions screened, only three (03) fractions (C, F, and G) revealed the highest anti-Onchocerca activity after 72\u2009h of treatment. An oral administration of the plant extract at a single dose of 2000\u2009mg\/kg did not produce any toxicity in mice. After repeated daily administration of methanolic extract of I. tinctoria (250\u2009mg\/kg, 500\u2009mg\/kg, and 1000\u2009mg\/kg) for 28 days, no significant changes in body weight, biochemical, and haematological parameters was observed. Histopathological examination of organs did not reveal any sign of alteration. The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of I. tinctoria revealed the presence of various phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study demonstrated the potential antifilarial activity of Indigofera tinctoria and offered an alternative to treating onchocerciasis. Moreover, further studies could be developed in promising new antifilarial sources of the isolated compound and in vivo antifilarial activity of Indigofera tinctoria in the animal model needs to be studied.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7828551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T22:05:05Z","timestamp":1665266705000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antifilarial Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Indigofera tinctoria (Fabaceae) on Bovine Parasites (Onchocerca ochengi)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-0312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Enock Enock","family":"Rakwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6649-4184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beno\u00eet Bargui","family":"Koubala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-8142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bertrand Ndou","family":"Mando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-0513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Djongra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8910-0184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francis","family":"Nveikoueing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-6262","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dieudonn\u00e9","family":"Ndjonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. 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