{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:11:21Z","timestamp":1793225481407,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ocular surface disorders such as Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy (LWE), Superior Epithelial Arcuate Lesion (SEAL), and contact lens-induced Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD) as well as Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) affect one\u2019s quality of life. Hence, it is imperative to investigate the underlying causes of these ocular surface disorders. During blink, the undersurface of the eyelid tends to interact with the cornea and the conjunctiva. The presence of a contact lens can add to the biomechanical frictional changes on these surfaces. To estimate these changes with and without a contact lens, a finite element model (FEM) of the eyelid wiper, eyeball, and contact lens was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics. Biomechanical properties such as von Mises stress (VMS) and displacement were calculated. Our study concluded that (a) maximum VMS was observed in the lid wiper in the absence of contact lens in the eye and (b) maximum VMS was observed in the superior 1.3\u2009mm of the cornea in the presence of the contact lens in the eye. Thus, the development of friction-induced ocular surface disorders such as LWE, SLK, SEAL, and LSCD could be attributed to increased VMS. FEA is a useful simulation tool that helps us to understand the effect of blink on a normal eye with and without CL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7930334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T22:20:13Z","timestamp":1652826013000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Finite Element Analysis of Cornea and Lid Wiper during Blink, with and without Contact Lens"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-4107","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vivek Suganthan","family":"Ramasubramanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7288-4464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Meenatchi Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-3509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rinu","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7592-9151","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S. 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