{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:32:18Z","timestamp":1790515938535,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":254,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibodies as well as memory B cells are the potential correlates of a protective immune response against hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Literature on the role of B regulatory cells (Bregs) in acute viral infections is limited. We have evaluated the role of IL\u201010 expressing Bregs in HEV infection. A total of 108 acute hepatitis E patients, 55 hepatitis E recovered individuals and 128 HEV na\u00efve healthy controls were enrolled. The percentages of peripheral CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, immature CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>, mature CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>int<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>int<\/jats:sup> and memory CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> B cells were analyzed by flowcytometry. Intracellular cytokine staining for IL\u201010 and TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, HEV\u2010rORF2p specific T cell response (IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> expression) pre\/post IL\u201010\/IL\u201010R blocking and CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL\u201010<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells\u2010depletion based assays were carried out to assess the functionality of Bregs. The percentage of HEV\u2010rORF2p specific immature B cell phenotype was significantly higher in acute hepatitis E patients compared to hepatitis E recovered individuals and controls. Significantly higher IL\u201010 expression on B and HEV\u2010rORF2p stimulated immature B cells of acute hepatitis E patients compared to controls indicated that Bregs are functional and HEV\u2010rORF2p specific. Enhanced IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> expression on CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells upon IL\u201010\/IL\u201010R blocking and also post CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL\u201010<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells depletion suggested that CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells corroborate the regulatory potential of Bregs via IL\u201010 dependent mechanism. We have identified HEV specific functional, immature CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD24<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> B cells having IL\u201010 mediated regulatory activities and a potential to modulate IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> mediated T cell response in Hepatitis E. The prognostic\/pathogenic role of Bregs in recovery from severe hepatitis E needs evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7932150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T17:50:06Z","timestamp":1663005006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Regulatory Role of B Cells and Its Subsets in Hepatitis E Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Meenal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8919-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha 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