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There are currently only two effective drugs for IPF; thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics. Previous experiments have shown that ginkgolic acid (GA), as a SUMO\u20101 inhibitor, exerted an inhibitory effect on cardiac fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction. Regarding the pathogenesis of PF, previous studies have concluded that small ubiquitin\u2010like modifier (SUMO) polypeptides bind multiple target proteins and participate in fibrosis of multiple organs, including PF. In this study, we found altered expression of SUMO family members in lung tissues from IPF patients. GA mediated the reduced expression of SUMO1\/2\/3 and the overexpression of SENP1 in a PF mouse model, which improved PF phenotypes. At the same time, the protective effect of GA on PF was also confirmed in the SENP1\u2010KO transgenic mice model. Subsequent experiments showed that SUMOylation of SMAD4 was involved in PF. It was inhibited by TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1, but GA could reverse the effects of TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1. SENP1 also inhibited the SUMOylation of SMAD4 and then participated in epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition (EMT) downstream of TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1. We also found that SENP1 regulation of SMAD4 SUMOylation affected reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1\u2010induced EMT and that GA prevented this oxidative stress through SENP1. Therefore, GA may inhibit the SUMOylation of SMAD4 through SENP1 and participate in TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1\u2010mediated pulmonary EMT, all of which reduce the degree of PF. This study provided potential novel targets and a new alternative for the future clinical testing in PF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8002566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T22:35:10Z","timestamp":1654554910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ginkgolic acid improves bleomycin\u2010induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting SMAD4 SUMOylation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyun","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhouying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongqi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-7876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1705751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30866-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60405-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0057-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0074-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9060689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26134011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201502-088AW"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-50044-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-2958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.9b00402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00025.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061909-093311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8510-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20141013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200622124134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","first-page":"738","article-title":"Protective effect associated with inhibiting SUMO specific protease 1 for acute lung injury in mice","volume":"22","author":"Yiwen M. 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