{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:23:40Z","timestamp":1782926620309,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Immediate characteristics of acupuncture have been confirmed by relevant studies; however, the current study on the time effect of acupuncture in improving upper limb forearm muscle endurance is still limited. The aims of this study are to explore: (1) whether real acupuncture (RA) can improve female forearm muscle endurance compared to sham acupuncture (SA) and (2) whether the changes in forearm muscle endurance after RA are time-dependent. Thirty-six healthy female students were recruited to participate in isokinetic tests of elbow flexion\/extension (Flex\/Ext) from maximum flexion to maximum extension as much as possible using an isokinetic dynamometer at a speed rate of 60\u00b0\/sec. Participants in the RA group were stimulated at Quchi (LI11), Shousanli (LI10), Hegu (LI4), Xiaohai (SI8), Tianjing (SJ10), and Waiguan (SJ5) acupoints for 20\u2009min, while the SA group needling was near at these acupoints. The values of the isokinetic parameters and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were recorded before and after acupuncture. After RA, the isokinetic parameters values (average torque, work, power, and speed), the sEMG values at four major muscles, and the joint stiffness of elbow Flex\/Ext were significantly increased <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                              <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                              <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:mfenced>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>. The enhancement of forearm muscle endurance lasted approximately 7\u201321\u2009min (from post1 to post3\/post4), indicating that the effect of RA to improve elbow Flex\/Ext muscle endurance is time-dependent. Therefore, this study found that RA can immediately improve the forearm muscle endurance of healthy women compared with SA, and this effect can last approximately 7\u201321\u2009min until the acupuncture efficacy decreased or disappeared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8052256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T22:35:09Z","timestamp":1644446109000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Acupuncture on Time-Dependent of Muscle Endurance in Female Elbow Joint: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9350-8361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7120-8448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4695-8009","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zi-Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0412-0697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6234-3768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I-Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Technology College, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8970-2647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chien-Ying","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200307010-00008","article-title":"Acupuncture and the modulation of cortical excitability","volume":"14","author":"Y. L. Lo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","article-title":"The central mechanism of acupuncture treatment with a long-lasting effect for functional dyspepsia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"R. Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CSMR.0000306511.94677.fa","article-title":"Acupuncture in sports medicine","volume":"5","author":"L. T. Wadsworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Sports Medicine Reports"},{"issue":"23","key":"4","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture combined with neuromuscular joint facilitation in treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain","volume":"7","author":"Y.-H. Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Journal of Clinical Cases"},{"issue":"3","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200207000-00008","article-title":"Postactivation potentiation: role in human performance","volume":"30","author":"D. G. Sale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b3f269","article-title":"Complex training in professional rugby players: influence of recovery time on upper-body power output","volume":"23","author":"H. R. Bevan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8835672"},{"issue":"7","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535070-00004","article-title":"Post-activation potentiation","volume":"35","author":"M. Hodgson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"13","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232130-00005","article-title":"Biochemical aspects of overtraining in endurance sports","volume":"32","author":"C. Petibois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/508302"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2019.00078","article-title":"Effects of Mongolian warm acupuncture on iNOS\/NO and inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of chronic fatigue rats","volume":"13","author":"L. Shui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9786367"},{"issue":"10","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2007.0524","article-title":"Acupuncture de qi, from qualitative history to quantitative measurement","volume":"13","author":"J. Kong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2014.02.005","article-title":"Electromyographic and strength analyses of activation patterns of the wrist flexor muscles after acupuncture","volume":"7","author":"M. S. Zanin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2016.07.004","article-title":"Unilateral and immediate stimulation of acupuncture points Xiaohai (SI8) and Jianwaishu (SI14) of the small intestine meridian increases electromyographic activity and strength in the ipsilateral and contralateral upper trapezius muscle","volume":"9","author":"L. L. de Souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9278270"},{"issue":"2","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.10.034","article-title":"The effect of electro-acupuncture on spasticity of the wrist joint in chronic stroke survivors","volume":"88","author":"M. Mukherjee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"9","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp004","article-title":"How to select, calculate, and interpret effect sizes","volume":"34","author":"J. A. Durlak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04698.x","article-title":"Short- and long-term modulation of upper limb motor-evoked potentials induced by acupuncture","volume":"23","author":"C. Maioli","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B465","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.10.B465","article-title":"Effects of isokinetic strength training on concentric and eccentric torque development in the ankle dorsiflexors of older adults","volume":"55","author":"D. M. Connelly","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1438519","article-title":"Post-activation potentiation (PAP) in endurance sports: a review","volume":"18","author":"D. Boullosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Sport Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.6.1.82","article-title":"Concurrent fatigue and potentiation in endurance athletes","volume":"6","author":"D. A. Boullosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"2","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1510-y","article-title":"Immediate effects of acupuncture on strength performance: a randomized, controlled crossover trial","volume":"110","author":"M. H\u00fcbscher","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04449-8","article-title":"Local knee heating increases spinal and supraspinal excitability and enhances plantar flexion and dorsiflexion torque production of the ankle in older adults","volume":"120","author":"H. Paulauskas","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.06.012","article-title":"Needle acupuncture in chronic poststroke leg spasticity","volume":"85","author":"M. Fink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"9","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00150-5","article-title":"Joint torques and dynamic joint stiffness in elderly and young men during stepping down","volume":"18","author":"S. D. Lark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthe.2015.08.002","article-title":"Effects triggered in the periphery by acupuncture","volume":"3","author":"I. Lund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acupuncture and Related Therapies"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/198451"},{"key":"29","first-page":"364","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture on functional reconstruction of the wrist following cerebral apoplexy","volume-title":"Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science","author":"D.-Y. Wang"},{"issue":"1","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00584.2007","article-title":"A myokinetic arm model for estimating joint torque and stiffness from EMG signals during maintained posture","volume":"101","author":"D. Shin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2009.2025021","article-title":"Estimation of multijoint stiffness using electromyogram and artificial neural network","volume":"39","author":"H. K. Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans"},{"issue":"2","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230049","article-title":"Inability to activate muscles maximally during cocontraction and the effect on joint stiffness","volume":"107","author":"T. E. Milner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"33","article-title":"Observation of acupuncture stimulation on human stamina improvement using EMG","author":"I. M. Farida"},{"issue":"2","key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2009.04.003","article-title":"Effects of electro-acupuncture at LI4 with Deqi compared to Sham acupuncture on blood flow in the middle cerebral artery of healthy subjects","volume":"1","author":"J. Wei","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5585605"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/319734"},{"issue":"7","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ddb19a","article-title":"Postactivation potentiation: upper body force development changes after maximal force intervention","volume":"24","author":"J. Farup","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003011","article-title":"Muscular and neural contributions to postactivation potentiation","volume":"33","author":"B. J. Wallace","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b62c1d","article-title":"Effect of postactivation potentiation on the maximal voluntary isokinetic concentric torque in humans","volume":"25","author":"N. Miyamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.09.080","article-title":"Evidence from brain imaging with fMRI supporting functional specificity of acupoints in humans","volume":"354","author":"W.-T. Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"11","key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0652","article-title":"Characterization of de qi with electroacupuncture at acupoints with different properties","volume":"17","author":"K. Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1992753"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8052256.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8052256.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8052256.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T22:35:40Z","timestamp":1644446140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8052256\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Formenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["8052256","8052256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/8052256","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]}}}