{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:46:03Z","timestamp":1793403963839,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":269,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008804","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110BS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110BS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/500\/MoE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/500\/MoE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study was designed to identify\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    from clinical mastitis of cattle and determine their antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants to evaluate their potential public health significance. A total of 105 composite milk samples (80 from cattle with clinical mastitis and 25 from apparently healthy cattle) were analyzed.\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were isolated by culturing on enterococcal selective media and identified by PCR and sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance phenotype was elucidated by the disc diffusion method, and MIC was determined by broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes was done by PCR.\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were isolated from 11.25% (9\/80) of the clinical mastitis and 4% (1\/25) of the apparently healthy cattle milk samples. The disc diffusion test revealed 40% isolates as resistant to tetracycline and azithromycin, respectively. Among them, 20% (2\/10) of isolates showed resistance to both tetracycline and azithromycin. Tetracycline\u2010resistant isolates showed MIC ranging from \u226564 to &gt;128\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml and carried tetracycline\u2010resistant genes\n                    <jats:italic>tetK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tetL<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 25%, 25%, and 50% of the resistant isolates, respectively. On the other hand, all the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin. In addition, the isolates carried at least one of the nine virulence genes screened with\n                    <jats:italic>pil<\/jats:italic>\n                    having the highest frequency, followed by\n                    <jats:italic>fsrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fsrC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sprE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>gelE<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>agg<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Positive correlations were evident between\n                    <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fsrC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>gelE<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>sprE<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes that are associated with the attachment and biofilm formation in\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis. E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated in this study carried antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants which explain their competence to be potential human pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8101866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T23:20:12Z","timestamp":1664320812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Profiles, and Public Health Significance of\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>\n                    Isolated from Clinical Mastitis of Cattle in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6938-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Abdus Sattar","family":"Bag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shahidur Rahman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia Afrin","family":"Punom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. 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Tanvir","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2895-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayedul","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-015-0958-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Influence of host level factors on prevalence and economics of subclinical mastitis in dairy milch cows in Bangladesh","volume":"56","author":"Kader M. 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