{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:54:04Z","timestamp":1789138444935,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A2403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A2403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20567624H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20567624H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CXZZBS2022094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXZZBS2022094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Construction Program of New Research and Development Platform and Institution","award":["U21A2403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A2403"]}]},{"name":"Construction Program of New Research and Development Platform and Institution","award":["20567624H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20567624H"]}]},{"name":"Construction Program of New Research and Development Platform and Institution","award":["CXZZBS2022094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXZZBS2022094"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Province Innovation Ability Promotion Plan","award":["U21A2403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A2403"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Province Innovation Ability Promotion Plan","award":["20567624H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20567624H"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Province Innovation Ability Promotion Plan","award":["CXZZBS2022094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXZZBS2022094"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Funding for Graduate Students in Hebei Province Project","award":["U21A2403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A2403"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Funding for Graduate Students in Hebei Province Project","award":["20567624H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20567624H"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Funding for Graduate Students in Hebei Province Project","award":["CXZZBS2022094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXZZBS2022094"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. During embryo implantation, the blastocyst exhibits a high capacity for aerobic glycolysis, which results in a unique microenvironment of high lactate\/low pH at the maternal-fetal interface. Shoutai Wan (STW) is an effective Chinese herbal formula widely used in the clinical treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). However, the specific molecular mechanism by which STW prevents abortion is yet to be elucidated. Methods. Female CBA\/J mice were allocated into six groups randomly and then mated with BALB\/c mice as the control group, DBA\/2 mice as the RSA model, CBA\/J\u00d7DBA\/2 mice treated with dydrogesterone as the DQYT group, or CBA\/J\u00d7DBA\/2 mice treated with low, medium, and high-dose STW as the STW-L, STW-M, and STW-H groups, respectively. Drug administration started 14\u2009days before mating and ended on the 14th day of pregnancy. The embryo loss rate of each group was calculated on day 14 of gestation, and the pregnancy outcomes of the mice in each group were observed. The mouse serum was collected to determine the levels of progesterone (P) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). The activities of HK2, PKM2, and LDHA, the key glycolytic enzymes in each group, were detected. The expressions of lactate, ATP, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, MCT4, GLUT1, and GPR81 as well as the morphology of trophoblast cells were examined. Results. The embryo loss rate and adverse pregnancy outcomes were significantly increased (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) in the RSA model group. After dydrogesterone or different doses of STW treatment, the embryo loss rate and adverse pregnancy outcomes were rescued to varying degrees (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Interestingly, there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of serum P and CG (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>P<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.05<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Moreover, the activities of key glycolytic enzymes, lactate, ATP, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, MCT4, GLUT1, GPR81 protein or mRNA expression, and morphological abnormalities of trophoblast cells improved significantly in the RSA mice after dydrogesterone or different doses of STW treatment (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>P<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.05<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. STW can promote aerobic glycolysis in trophoblast cells of RSA mouse embryos, thereby improving the microenvironment of the maternal-fetal interface and enhancing embryo implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8251503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T16:20:17Z","timestamp":1664382017000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Shoutai Wan Improves Embryo Survival by Regulating Aerobic Glycolysis of Trophoblast Cells in a Mouse Model of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine on Reproductive Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siling","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine on Reproductive Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine on Reproductive Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine on Reproductive Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine on Reproductive Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yancang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine on Reproductive Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7289-9540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huilan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine on Reproductive Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.11.025","article-title":"Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion","volume":"113","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113156","article-title":"Systematic biological and proteomics strategies to explore the regulation mechanism of Shoutai Wan on recurrent spontaneous Abortion's biological network","volume":"263","author":"L. Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog1789.2015"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00228-z"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201400155"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00279"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29022"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.02.153"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12280"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24242"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-16-0502"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci98931"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq037"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02597"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111267118"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2014.02.006"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci.2010.069"},{"key":"18","article-title":"The investigation and treatment of couples with recurrent Firsttrimester and Second-Trimester Miscarriage. Green-Top Guideline","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.048","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion","volume":"98","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2015.1006618"},{"issue":"22","key":"21","first-page":"1900","article-title":"Connotation and guiding significance of the theory of Chinese medicine preventive treatment of disease","volume":"56","author":"Z. M. He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000024248"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-s1-s2"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.003"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00681-4"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.5874"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw043"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijwh.s224159"},{"issue":"2","key":"29","first-page":"124","article-title":"[Mechanism of regulation of synthesis and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during pregnancy","volume":"60","author":"D. Barrera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica"},{"issue":"5","key":"30","first-page":"586","article-title":"Effects of Shoutai pill containing serum on bioactivity behavior of trophoblast cells of spontaneous abortion patients","volume":"36","author":"Y. Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23827-0"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.646521"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.10.005"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.01.069"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42941"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.67816"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.04.015"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061996"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22017"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-19-0553"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12431"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2629"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.10.019"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.722024"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00775-4"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-015-1307-x"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.05.003"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.09.012"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8251503.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8251503.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8251503.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T16:20:39Z","timestamp":1664382039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8251503\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tarique","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["8251503","8251503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/8251503","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]}}}