{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T16:43:06Z","timestamp":1743612186759,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#198219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#198219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose. There is a lack of information of the difference in sex-aggregated prevalence of comorbid noncommunicable disease (NCD) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate sex differences in the relation between medical comorbidities and subsequent death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods. All subsequently hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of moderate to severe COVID-19 since February 19th to June 14th, 2020, in Isfahan, Iran, were recruited in the ongoing I-CORE Registry. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was done upon admission. Data on preexisting comorbid NCDs including hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancers, chronic renal disease (CRD), and chronic respiratory disease were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Results. Overall, 12,620 individuals were enrolled in this registry of which 4,356 were positive for the COVID-19 RT-PCR test. In the whole population, in women, DM, hypertension, and CHD, and in men, DM, CHD, and hypertension were, respectively, the most frequent comorbidities. The frequency of at least one NCD did not differ between men and women, but a greater proportion of women had two or more NCDs. Increasing the number of comorbidities was associated with higher death frequency and mortality risk in the unadjusted model but remained no longer significant after adjustment for age. There was no statistically significant difference in this regard between men and women. Conclusion. Overall, we found that DM, hypertension, and CHD were the most frequent comorbidities. Although comorbidities were more frequent among women, mortality risk did not significantly differ between men and women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8267056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T22:50:05Z","timestamp":1660863005000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sex Differences in the Relation between Comorbidities and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-1060","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noushin","family":"Mohammadifard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4766-6267","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Haghighatdoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-3845","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maryam","family":"Nasirian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9673-1980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Parisa","family":"Zakeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1948-8179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kamal","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3853-5006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"Haghjooy Javanmard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-2169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nizal","family":"Sarrafzadegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health-Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"volume-title":"WHO Director-General\u2019s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19\u201411 March 2020","year":"2020","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu159"},{"article-title":"Sex-bias in COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Sex Differences in Disease and Immunity","year":"2020","author":"K. 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