{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T16:40:08Z","timestamp":1740156008194,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011718","name":"Macular Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009032","name":"Pfizer UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pharmacia, Yorkshire Wolds and Coast Primary Care Trust"},{"name":"The Lords Feoffees of Bridlington"},{"name":"Bridlington Hospital League of Friends"},{"name":"The Hull and East Riding Charitable Trust"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000305","name":"National Eye Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Rotary Club of Bridlington"},{"name":"The Alexander Pigott Wernher Memorial Trust"},{"name":"Bridlington Lions Club"},{"name":"The Inner Wheel Club of Bridlington"},{"name":"Soroptimist International of Bridlington"},{"name":"The Patricia and Donald Shepherd Charitable Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Self-assessment of driving fitness is mandatory in the United Kingdom. A paucity of data on visual function among drivers exists. We report prevalence of elderly drivers below legal visual acuity (VA) standard from a population study (The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project (BEAP)) conducted from 2002 to 2006. All residents aged \u226565 years were invited, 3459 undergoing structured interviews\/ophthalmic examinations. Driving status was recorded, VA measured, and visual field (VF) testing performed. Outcomes were prevalence and characteristics of drivers below VA legal standard and prevalence of bilateral VF defects. Conditions causing reduced VA were explored and those with treatable conditions allowing visual improvement identified. Duration since last optometry review was recorded. Associations were explored using unpaired t-tests for continuous and chi-squared for discrete variables. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis and to determine odd ratios in the final adjusted model. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 (Stata Corp, Tx). Within this sample, 7.1% (95% CI 6.0\u20138.3) of drivers fell below the VA legal driving standard (6\/12) in their better eye, with 20% not having seen an optometrist for 2 years, including 8.2% who had not attended for over 5 years. The percentage of drivers falling below the VA minimum increases with age reaching 22.8% (95% CI 13.7\u201335.3) among those aged 85\u201389 years. 7.2% (95% CI 6.2\u20138.6) of drivers had bilateral visual field defects. 93% of drivers with reduced VA below legal standard had a cataract, refractive error or both in at least one eye. Significant numbers of elderly drive with VA below legal standard, most having easily correctable causes. Poor attendance with optometrists appears commonplace. Public education raised awareness of legal driving standards and encouraged compliance are required. Regular eye tests, appropriate refractive correction, and cataract surgery when needed should be encouraged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8321948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T19:50:05Z","timestamp":1663271405000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Reduced Vision among UK Elderly Drivers: The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project (BEAP)\u2014A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Craig","family":"Wilde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, B Floor, EENT Centre, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Poostchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, B Floor, EENT Centre, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8399-7456","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgios D.","family":"Panos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, B Floor, EENT Centre, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan G.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical Centre, Station Avenue, Bridlington YO16 4LZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamish K.","family":"MacNab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical Centre, Station Avenue, Bridlington YO16 4LZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harminder","family":"Dua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, B Floor, EENT Centre, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5028-7984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Winfried M.","family":"Amoaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, B Floor, EENT Centre, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, B Floor, EENT Centre, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.8.1284","article-title":"Driving life expectancy of persons aged 70 years and older in the United States","volume":"92","author":"D. 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