{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T04:36:54Z","timestamp":1773549414607,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Chronic tension-type headache is the primary headache with the highest prevalence. The present study is aimed at analyzing the associations between patient self-efficacy and headache impact with pain characteristics, kinesiophobia, anxiety sensitivity, and physical activity levels in subjects with chronic tension-type headache. Materials and Methods. An observational descriptive study was carried out. A total sample of 42 participants was recruited at university environment with diagnosis of tension-type headache. Headache characteristics (frequency, intensity, and duration), physical activity levels, pain related-self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, anxiety sensitivity, and headache impact were measured. Results. The HIT-6 (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mn>61.05<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mo>\u00b1<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>6.38<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) score showed significant moderate positive correlations with the ASI-3 score (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mn>17.64<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mo>\u00b1<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>16.22<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>r<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.47<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and moderate negative correlations with the self-efficacy in the domains of pain management (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mn>31.9<\/g:mn>\n                        <g:mo>\u00b1<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>10.28<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>r<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mo>\u2212<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.43<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and coping with symptoms (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mn>53.81<\/k:mn>\n                        <k:mo>\u00b1<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>14.19<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>r<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mo>\u2212<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.47<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). ASI-3 score had a negative large correlation with self-efficacy in the domains of pain management (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>r<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mo>\u2212<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.59<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), physical function (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mn>53.36<\/q:mn>\n                        <q:mo>\u00b1<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>7.99<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <s:mi>r<\/s:mi>\n                        <s:mo>=<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mo>\u2212<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mn>0.55<\/s:mn>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and coping with symptoms (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                        <u:mi>r<\/u:mi>\n                        <u:mo>=<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mo>\u2212<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>0.68<\/u:mn>\n                     <\/u:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Physical activity levels showed positive moderate correlations with the self-efficacy in the domain of physical function (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                        <w:mi>r<\/w:mi>\n                        <w:mo>=<\/w:mo>\n                        <w:mn>0.41<\/w:mn>\n                     <\/w:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Linear regression models determined that the self-efficacy and anxiety sensitivity with showed a significant relationship with the HIT-6 score (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\">\n                        <y:msup>\n                           <y:mrow>\n                              <y:mi>R<\/y:mi>\n                           <\/y:mrow>\n                           <y:mrow>\n                              <y:mn>2<\/y:mn>\n                           <\/y:mrow>\n                        <\/y:msup>\n                        <y:mo>=<\/y:mo>\n                        <y:mn>0.262<\/y:mn>\n                        <y:mo>;<\/y:mo>\n                        <y:mi>p<\/y:mi>\n                        <y:mo>=<\/y:mo>\n                        <y:mn>0.008<\/y:mn>\n                     <\/y:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and with the ASI-3 score (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <ab:math xmlns:ab=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M14\">\n                        <ab:msup>\n                           <ab:mrow>\n                              <ab:mi>R<\/ab:mi>\n                           <\/ab:mrow>\n                           <ab:mrow>\n                              <ab:mn>2<\/ab:mn>\n                           <\/ab:mrow>\n                        <\/ab:msup>\n                        <ab:mo>=<\/ab:mo>\n                        <ab:mn>0.565<\/ab:mn>\n                     <\/ab:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <cb:math xmlns:cb=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M15\">\n                        <cb:mi>p<\/cb:mi>\n                        <cb:mo>&lt;<\/cb:mo>\n                        <cb:mn>0.001<\/cb:mn>\n                     <\/cb:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). In addition, no correlations were found between pain intensity, duration or frecuency with psychosocial factors, or headache impact. Conclusions. The present study showed that patients with chronic tension-type headache had a great negative impact on daily tasks and physical activity levels, which were associated with higher anxiety levels and lower self-efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8387249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T18:05:25Z","timestamp":1662487525000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Headache Impact, Anxiety, and Physical Activity Levels in Patients with Chronic Tension-Type Headache: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-3925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez de la Flor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2689-1767","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Garc\u00eda P\u00e9rez de Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-9154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diego","family":"Dom\u00edngez Balmaseda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mart\u00edn Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Montero Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9952-356X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose \u00c1ngel","family":"Del Blanco Mu\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2020.02.066"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13921"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201189"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01287-7"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0753-y"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102498018S2112"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0753-y"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20190132"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000843"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020984"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211060315"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3489617"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.11.010"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12564"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12633"},{"issue":"13, article 10.3390\/ijms20133130","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133130","article-title":"Chronic pain: structural and functional changes in brain structures and associated negative affective states","volume":"20","author":"S. 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