{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:53:20Z","timestamp":1778777600263,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012M511916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012M511916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012-E-040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012-E-040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZRQN1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZRQN1544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016350","name":"Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012M511916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012M511916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016350","name":"Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012-E-040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012-E-040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016350","name":"Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZRQN1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZRQN1544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2012M511916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012M511916"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2012-E-040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012-E-040"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["ZRQN1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZRQN1544"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills (QSW) was first recorded in the Tibetan medicine classic Si Bu Yi Dian and has been used to treat \u201cBaimai\u201d disease, stroke, paralysis, hemiplegia, cerebral hemorrhage, and other diseases till today. This prescription contains more than 70 medicines including myrobalan, pearl, agate, opal, bezoar, coral, musk, gold, silver, and a mineral mixture Zuotai. As a result, QSW contains a large amount of mercury, copper, lead, and other trace elements. The aim of this study was to determine the 18 trace elements (lithium, beryllium, scandium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, strontium, argentum, cadmium, cesium, barium, lead, aurum, and mercury) in 10 batches of QSW produced by 5 pharmaceutical companies (Ganlu Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd. has 6 different batches) by direct inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ICP-MS is a rapid, sensitive, accurate methodology allowing the determination of 18 elements simultaneously. The results showed that each element had an excellent linear relationship in the corresponding mass concentration range. The results showed that the rank order of the elements in QSW was copper\u2009&gt;\u2009mercury\u2009&gt;\u2009lead from high to low, with the mass fraction higher than 6000\u2009\u03bcg\/kg; the mass fractions of argentum, arsenic, manganese, aurum, strontium, barium, chromium, and nickel were in the range of 33\u20131034\u2009\u03bcg\/kg; and the mass fractions of vanadium, cobalt, lithium, beryllium, cadmium, scandium, and cesium were lower than 10\u2009\u03bcg\/kg. The reproducibility from the same manufacturer (Tibet Ganlu Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd.) was relatively high; however, the element amounts among 5 manufacturers were different, which could affect the efficacy and toxicity of QSW. All in all, ICP-MS can be used as an effective tool for the analysis of trace elements in QSW and standard quality control needs to be enforced across different manufactures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8548378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T23:20:17Z","timestamp":1642116017000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Determination of 18 Trace Elements in 10 Batches of the Tibetan Medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills by Direct Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinglian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3542-1887","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dewei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wanzhou Institute for Drug and Food Control, Chongqing 404000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wanzhou Institute for Drug and Food Control, Chongqing 404000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianwu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wanzhou Institute for Drug and Food Control, Chongqing 404000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5947-5092","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People's republic of China","author":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Advances in modern pharmacology of QSW of Tibetan medicine","volume":"10","author":"E. J. An","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine&Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2530105"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112674"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110723"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2251679"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","first-page":"150","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic effect of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"43","author":"M. Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tianjin Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"8","first-page":"347","article-title":"Effects of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills on SOD, CAT and MDA in the brain tissue of rats with focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"9","author":"L. Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"9","first-page":"90","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills on focal cerebral ischemia rats","volume-title":"Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica","author":"L. Zeng","year":"2014"},{"issue":"35","key":"10","first-page":"4","article-title":"Experimental study on acute toxicity of Tibetan medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in rats","volume":"13","author":"W. L. Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Medical Herald"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.40667.1"},{"issue":"10","key":"12","first-page":"2072","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of six components in QSW by HPLC Chinese","volume":"39","author":"W. Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traditional Patent Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"13","first-page":"3006","article-title":"Analysis of volatile oil and fat-soluble components in QSW by GC-MS","volume":"41","author":"K. Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine"},{"key":"14","volume-title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Chemical Components in Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills and its Mechanism of Effect Based on LC-MS and Network Pharmacology","author":"M. Xu","year":"2021"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-08-095975-7.01426-1"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.20257"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126698"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2005.11.014"},{"key":"19","first-page":"323","article-title":"Bionic extraction-HPLC-ICP-MS determination of soluble arsenic in Chinese traditional patent medicine containing realgar","volume":"485","author":"Q. S. Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2015.09.006"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4508533"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113411"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2008.12.002"},{"issue":"11","key":"24","first-page":"31","article-title":"Master of traditional Chinese medicine NiMa and Tibetan medicine \u201czuo tai\u201d processing","volume":"24","author":"C. Duojie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine&Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"issue":"4","key":"25","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Analysis of chemical composition, mercury coordination structure and microstructure of Tibetan medicine Zuotai","volume":"35","author":"C. Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1201\/b17118","volume-title":"CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics","author":"W. Haynes","year":"2014"},{"key":"27","first-page":"74","article-title":"Study on the functional characteristics and safety of mercury in Tibetan medicine","volume":"1","author":"B. Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zuotai"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-012-0826-2"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1697804"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.08.037"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.10.037"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.07.059"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.08.005"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.05.034"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325818816284"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02586-5"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10607-4"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104688"},{"issue":"8","key":"39","first-page":"1938","article-title":"Analysis of trace elements and macro elements in 13 anti-anoxic traditional Tibetan medicine","volume":"28","author":"Q. X. Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/samj.2017.v108i3.12606"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02501-4"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2019.08.001"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8548378.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8548378.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8548378.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T23:20:37Z","timestamp":1642116037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/8548378\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["8548378","8548378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/8548378","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]}}}