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To improve the osseointegration of zirconia implants, modifying their surface with hierarchical micro\/nanotopography and bioactive chemical composition are two effective ways. In this work, a microscale topography was prepared on a zirconia surface using hydrofluoric acid etching, and then a 50\u2009nm TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoating was deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Subsequently, an annealing treatment was used to transform the TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from amorphous to anatase and simultaneously generate nanoscale topography. Various investigations into the coating surface morphology, topography, wettability, and chemical composition were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, white light interferometry, contact\u2010angle measurement, X\u2010ray diffraction, and X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, in vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential performance of the coatings were evaluated by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and in vivo osseointegration performance was assessed in a rat femoral condyle model. Moreover, the possible mechanism was also investigated. The deposition of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> film with\/without annealing treatment did not alter the microscale roughness of the zirconia surface, whereas the nanotopography changed significantly after annealing. The in vitro studies revealed that the anatase TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> coating with regular wavelike nanostructure could promote the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts and further improve the osteogenic potential in vitro and osseointegration in vivo. These positive effects may be caused by nanoscale topography via the canonical Wnt\/<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010catenin pathway. The results suggest that using ALD in combination with annealing treatment to fabricate a nanotopographic TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> coating is a promising way to improve the osteogenic properties of zirconia implants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8650659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T19:21:20Z","timestamp":1649791280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["TiO<sub>2<\/sub> Nanocoatings with Controllable Crystal Type and Nanoscale Topography on Zirconia Implants to Accelerate Bone Formation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5810-824X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanbin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5857-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianmin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0142-9612(98)00010-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2017.04.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4636(199606)31:2<227::aid-jbm9>3.0.co;2-p"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to titanium: clinical and laboratory evidence","volume":"27","author":"Muller K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(83)90065-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.01.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13020314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01775.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02363944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(92)90108-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.19960080316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2013-243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8078230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900056b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e3180a7728f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8032718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"Optimum surface properties of oxidized implants for reinforcement of osseointegration: surface chemistry, oxide thickness, porosity, roughness, and crystal structure","volume":"20","author":"Sul Y. 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