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Steud. is a native Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plant popularly used for the treatment of obesity. In this context, we investigated the chemical composition of the methanolic extract of <jats:italic>B. rufa<\/jats:italic> leaves (MEBr) and evaluated the antioxidant activity and its impact on the prevention and treatment of obesity in mice fed a high\u2010fat diet (HFD 60%). Additionally, the acute oral toxicity of MEBr was evaluated. In MEBr, 17 glycosylated compounds were identified, including myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, coumaroyl, cyanoglucoside, and megastigmane. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, MEBr showed antioxidant activity in different methods: DPPH<jats:sup>\u2022<\/jats:sup>, ABTS<jats:sup>\u2022+<\/jats:sup>, FRAP, iron\u2010reducing power, inhibition of <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010carotene bleaching, and inhibition of DNA fragmentation. In human erythrocytes, MEBr increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Under oxidative stress, MEBr reduced oxidative hemolysis, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels generated in erythrocytes. Mice treated acutely with MEBr (2000\u2009mg\/kg) showed no signs of toxicity. During 90 days, the mice received water or MEBr simultaneously with HFD for induction of obesity. At this stage, MEBr was able to reduce the gain of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) and prevent the increase of MDA in the heart and brain. After 180 days of HFD for obesity induction, mice that received MEBr simultaneously with HFD (HFD\u2010MEBr) in the last 60 days of treatment (120\u2010180 days) showed a reduction of retroperitoneal and mesenteric WAT deposits and MDA levels in the heart, liver, kidney, and brain, compared to the HFD\u2010Control group. These effects of MEBr were similar to mice treated with sibutramine (HFD\u2010Sibutramine, 2\u2009mg\/kg). Combined, the results show that compounds from the leaves of <jats:italic>B. rufa<\/jats:italic> affect controlling oxidative stress and actions in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Thus, associated oxidative stress reduction and body composition modulation, in obese people, can contribute to the prevention of obesity\u2010related comorbidities and improve quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8790810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T17:46:09Z","timestamp":1669398369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beneficial Effects of <i>Bauhinia rufa<\/i> Leaves on Oxidative Stress, Prevention, and Treatment of Obesity in High\u2010Fat Diet\u2010Fed C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1019-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"dos Santos da Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2886-0075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah 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