{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:37:54Z","timestamp":1773272274123,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017928","name":"Hebei Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To study the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in important brain functional areas and the metabolic levels of these brain functional areas in patients with primary hypothyroidism by using arterial spin labeling (ASL) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques to explain the possible causes of brain dysfunction in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Methods. Twenty-five patients with primary hypothyroidism (newly diagnosed and not treated) who were treated in the endocrinology department of our hospital were selected as the research group, and 25 healthy patients with normal thyroid function who came to our hospital during the same period with matched gender and age were selected as the control group. ASL and MRS techniques were used to detect and calculate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, and posterior cingulate gyrus, as well as N-acetylaspartate\/creatine (NAA\/Cr), choline\/creatine (Cho) in the brain\/Cr, and inositol\/creatine (mI\/Cr) ratio. The correlations between metabolite ratios measured by rCBF, MRS, and serum TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels were analyzed. Results. Compared with the control group, the rCBF in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, and posterior cingulate gyrus of the dominant hemisphere of the hypothyroid patients in the study group decreased significantly (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The comparison of metabolite ratios showed that compared with the control group, the NAA\/Cr ratio of the frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus of the study group was significantly decreased, and the Cho\/Cr ratio of the posterior cingulate gyrus of the study group was significantly increased. The MI\/Cr ratio of the hippocampus was significantly decreased (all <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> values &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that rCBF and NAA\/Cr in posterior cingulate gyrus were significantly negatively correlated with serum TSH levels (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>P<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.05<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. The changes of rCBF and metabolite ratios in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, and posterior cingulate gyrus of patients with primary hypothyroidism can be detected using ASL and MRS techniques. The changes of rCBF and metabolite ratio and their negative correlation with serum TSH level are helpful to explain the causes of brain dysfunction in patients with primary hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9204119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T02:05:09Z","timestamp":1665799509000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploration of RCBF and Metabolic Changes in the Brain Functional Areas of Patients with Hypothyroidism by ASL and MRS Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7860-4750","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, No. 12, Changqing Road, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Therapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, No. 12, Changqing Road, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, No. 12, Changqing Road, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720959712"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02023-7"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053369117705058"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcj-13-2-55"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-2006-2"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2015.03.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"7","first-page":"545","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in transient hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy: arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance study","volume":"36","author":"Y. Kaichi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinology Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"8","first-page":"49","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric aspects of hypothyroidism and treatment reversibility","volume":"32","author":"J. D. Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinologica"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/474868"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-022-00377-w"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0371"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02984562"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12399"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.11.032"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00328"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac150"},{"issue":"10","key":"17","first-page":"1712","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with mild hypothyroidism","volume":"45","author":"Y. Krausz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346333"},{"issue":"1","key":"19","first-page":"161","article-title":"Technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) cerebral accumulation and symptom and sign severity during hypothyroidism","volume":"31","author":"F. V. Schraml","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinology Letters"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001585"},{"key":"21","first-page":"89","article-title":"Shati\/Nat8l and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) have important roles in regulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in neuronal and psychiatric diseases in animal models and humans","author":"A. Nitta"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12060722"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0318-z"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1739"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.050"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.04.013"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9832431","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"record-id":"49586"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9832431","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000}}],"container-title":["Disease Markers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2022\/9204119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2022\/9204119.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2022\/9204119.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T02:05:15Z","timestamp":1665799515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2022\/9204119\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["9204119","9204119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9204119","relation":{"retraction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1155\/2023\/9832431","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1875-8630","0278-0240"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-8630","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0278-0240","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]}}}