{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T04:37:09Z","timestamp":1774327029570,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. Intracranial germ cell tumors with isolated pituitary stalk involvement are rare. Early recognition and long-term monitoring deserve further exploration. Methods. A retrospective study reviewing eleven intracranial germ cell tumor patients with isolated pituitary stalk involvement was performed. Results. Seven boys and four girls who presented with a hyperintense pituitary stalk on postcontrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging without a posterior pituitary signal were included. The average maximum width of the pituitary stalk was 5.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u2009mm. Polydipsia and polyuria occurred in all patients, followed by growth retardation, fatigue, and amenorrhoea. Eight patients (72%) had concomitant partial anterior pituitary hormone deficiency. Seven patients initially had elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels. After chemoradiotherapy, ten patients attended follow-up. Central diabetes insipidus remained in all survivors, and four (40%) of them had concomitant partial anterior pituitary hormone deficiency, primarily of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. The causes of the delayed diagnosis of previous studies were mainly negative tumor markers and the initial pathological diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Conclusion. Isolated pituitary stalk lesions could be a signal of intracranial germ cell tumors, especially coexisting with diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, and a worse response to glucocorticoid therapy. Negative results of tumor markers and pathology could not exclude the diagnosis. Chemoradiotherapy is an effective therapy, leaving mild-t-moderate hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction. This rare neuroimaging feature may be used as a factor to predict long-term neuroendocrine outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9213220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T18:20:08Z","timestamp":1648318808000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pituitary Stalk Germ Cell Tumors: Retrospective Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8795-6544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9587-8008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-4884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-0664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li-Yong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-2029-1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.9.PEDS18181"},{"key":"3","article-title":"Childhood central nervous system germ cell tumors treatment","volume-title":"Health Professional Version. 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