{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T05:21:29Z","timestamp":1791955289992,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Study on the Prediction Model of Accurate Treatment for Girls\u2019 Precocious Puberty Based on Metabolomics Technology","award":["212102310438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102310438"]}]},{"name":"Study on the Prediction Model of Accurate Treatment for Girls\u2019 Precocious Puberty Based on Metabolomics Technology","award":["212102310437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102310437"]}]},{"name":"Study on the Prediction Model of Accurate Treatment for Girls\u2019 Precocious Puberty Based on Metabolomics Technology","award":["LHGJ20210650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHGJ20210650"]}]},{"name":"Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Exogenous Melatonin in Rat Model of Precocious Puberty","award":["212102310438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102310438"]}]},{"name":"Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Exogenous Melatonin in Rat Model of Precocious Puberty","award":["212102310437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102310437"]}]},{"name":"Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Exogenous Melatonin in Rat Model of Precocious Puberty","award":["LHGJ20210650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHGJ20210650"]}]},{"name":"the Role of Intestinal Flora in Girls with Idiopathic Precocious Puberty","award":["212102310438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102310438"]}]},{"name":"the Role of Intestinal Flora in Girls with Idiopathic Precocious Puberty","award":["212102310437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102310437"]}]},{"name":"the Role of Intestinal Flora in Girls with Idiopathic Precocious Puberty","award":["LHGJ20210650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHGJ20210650"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Home quarantine due to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on children. Lifestyle changes have led to an increase in precocious puberty (PP) among girls, and the underlying risk factors for this remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess the influence of environmental, genetic, nutritional, and other lifestyle factors on the risk of PP in girls. We evaluated the incidence of new-onset PP in girls during home quarantine for COVID-19 and analyzed the potential risk factors. This was a retrospective questionnaire and medical record-based study involving 22 representative medical units from 13 cities in Henan Province, China. Girls with new-onset PP (central precocious puberty, 58; premature thelarche, 58; age, 5\u20139 years) between February 2020 and May 2020 were included, along with 124 healthy, age-matched controls. The number of new-onset PP cases reported during the study period was compared with that reported between February and May in 2018 and 2019. Patients\u2019 families completed a questionnaire to assess potential risk factors. There was a 5.01- and 3.14-fold increase in the number of new-onset PP cases from 2018 to 2020 and from 2019 to 2020, respectively; the differences were statistically significant (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.01<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). High-risk factors for PP included longer time spent using electronic devices, decreased exercise time, higher body mass index, vitamin D deficiency, young age (&lt;12 years) of mother during menarche, consumption of fried food and processed meat, residence in rural areas, and consumption of off-season fruits. Thus, we found that lifestyle changes caused due to the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in PP in girls. Management of the risk factors identified in this study may help in PP prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9229153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T20:20:05Z","timestamp":1664396405000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Analysis of the Incidence and Risk Factors of Precocious Puberty in Girls during the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3591-4422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongxia","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1044-6594","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814541807"},{"issue":"53","key":"2","first-page":"412","article-title":"Hereditary and metabolic diseases, the society of pediatrics, Chinese medical association; editorial board, Chinese journal of pediatrics. \u201cConsensus statement for the diagnosis and treatment of central precocious puberty (2015)\u201d","volume":"6","author":"Subspecialty Group of Endocrinologic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.1813e"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/31433"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.40"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.12.022"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15665"},{"issue":"25","key":"8","first-page":"1568","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of precocious puberty in children aged 3 to 12 in Zhengzhou","volume":"20","author":"H. 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