{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:24:34Z","timestamp":1785795874664,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC2020CR1013B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR1013B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC2020CR1013B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR1013B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gout is a common arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals. Macrophage is crucial in the process of monosodium urate (MSU)-induced inflammation. Although it has been reported that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in nature can be used to cure urarthritis, the mechanism concerning macrophage is still not clear. However, gout patients manifest other complications, such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and hormone intolerance, which limit efficacy of some of these first-line drugs. Therefore, this study aims to explore how natural ACTH can alleviate urarthritis through functional changes in macrophage. We analyzed the variations in VAS pain scores of five patients, knowing the time of action and detecting the level of cortisol and ACTH in patients 24\u2009hours after the application of ACTH. The effect of natural ACTH on joint inflammation and the level of cortisol in blood in the mouse model was evaluated by studies in vivo. In vitro studies, we evaluated the effect of natural ACTH on macrophages and revealed different functions of ACTH and dexamethasone on macrophages in the transcriptional level. In patients with acute gout, natural ACTH can quickly alleviate pain and does not affect the level of cortisol and ACTH. Natural ACTH is able to ease the swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by arthritis, without changing the level of cortisol. Besides, natural ACTH in vitro can alleviate acute gouty inflammation by regulating phagocytosis and polarization of macrophage, which also exerts different effects on the transcription of some related genes. Natural ACTH is able to alleviate acute gouty inflammation by regulating macrophage, and this effect differs from that of dexamethasone at the transcriptional level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9241835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T22:35:09Z","timestamp":1647988509000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Natural Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Relieves Acute Inflammation in Gout Patients by Changing the Function of Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-3573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9883-9722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hejian","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200105000-00015"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.07.006"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24180"},{"key":"4","first-page":"93","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the central nervous system","volume":"22","author":"M. J. Brownstein","year":"1980","journal-title":"Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/oarrr.s131046"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/oarrr.s153307"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314532562"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2016-000180"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(50)90004-0"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310618"},{"issue":"4","key":"11","first-page":"696","article-title":"ACTH revisited: Efffective treatment for acute crystal induced synovitis in patients with multiple medical problems","volume":"21","author":"J. Ritter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"12","first-page":"1325","article-title":"Comparison of adrenocorticotropic hormone and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis","volume":"21","author":"L. B. Siegel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2012.09.009"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.09.006"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-5-1-25"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez165"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12910"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2018.015"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.03.001"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.08.006"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-018-0014-7"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.70"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2009.02.021"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_5"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.023"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.08.109"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2016.1140743"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.05.010"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.12.026"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.545110"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12605"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.013"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20194208"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2443.2011.01552.x"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2018.1420782"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.016"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.20.7.2411-2422.2000"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m809281200"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-157073"}],"container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2022\/9241835.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2022\/9241835.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2022\/9241835.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T11:57:23Z","timestamp":1653479843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2022\/9241835\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bhagyaveni","family":"M.A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["9241835","9241835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9241835","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-2309","2040-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-2309","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2040-2295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]}}}