{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T11:19:13Z","timestamp":1784373553114,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D-049-611-1439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D-049-611-1439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the movement of people, including the differences in writing skill, speech, tremor, and stiffness in muscles. It is significant to detect the PD at the initial stages so that the person can live a peaceful life for a longer time period. The serious levels of PD are highly risky as the patients get progressive stiffness, which results in the inability of standing or walking. Earlier studies have focused on the detection of PD effectively using voice and speech exams and writing exams. In this aspect, this study presents an improved sailfish optimization algorithm with deep learning (ISFO-DL) model for PD diagnosis and classification. The presented ISFO-DL technique uses the ISFO algorithm and DL model to determine PD and thereby enhances the survival rate of the person. The presented ISFO is a metaheuristic algorithm, which is inspired by a group of hunting sailfish to determine the optimum solution to the problem. Primarily, the ISFO algorithm is applied to derive an optimal subset of features with a fitness function of maximum classification accuracy. At the same time, the rat swarm optimizer (RSO) with the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) is employed as a classifier to determine the existence of PD. The performance validation of the IFSO-DL model takes place using a benchmark Parkinson\u2019s dataset, and the results are inspected under several dimensions. The experimental results highlighted the enhanced classification performance of the ISFO-DL technique, and therefore, the proposed model can be employed for the earlier identification of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9276579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T17:36:00Z","timestamp":1641836160000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Metaheuristics with Deep Learning-Enabled Parkinson\u2019s Disease Diagnosis and Classification Model"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-5054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adel A.","family":"Bahaddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4427-0016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Ragab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0634-2664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ehab Bahaudien","family":"Ashary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0189-845X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eied M.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"Mathematics Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2936564"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9957132"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.05.154"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1260\/2040-2295.6.3.281"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6632394"},{"key":"6","first-page":"655","article-title":"Recent machine learning advancements in sensor-based mobility analysis: deep learning for Parkinson\u2019s disease assessment","author":"B. 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