{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:07:28Z","timestamp":1790888848255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":125,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008081","name":"Southeast University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Noise\u2010induced hearing loss (NIHL) has always been an important occupational hazard, but the exact etiopathogenesis underlying NIHL remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to find metabolic biomarkers involved in the development of NIHL based on a mouse model using a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) metabolomics technique. We showed that the auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds at the frequencies of 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 32\u2009kHz were all significantly elevated in the noise\u2010exposed mice. Noise could cause outer hair cell (OHC) loss in the base of the cochlea. A total of 17 differential metabolites and 9 metabolic pathways were significantly affected following noise exposure. Spermidine acting as an autophagy modulator was found to be 2.85\u2010fold higher in the noise\u2010exposed group than in the control group and involved in <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010alanine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism pathways. Additionally, we demonstrated that LC3B and Beclin1 were expressed in the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), and their mRNA levels were increased after noise. We showed that SOD activity was significantly decreased in the cochlea of noise\u2010exposed mice. Further experiments suggested that SOD1 and SOD2 proteins in the SGNs were all decreased following noise exposure. The upregulation of spermidine may induce LC3B\u2010 and Beclin1\u2010mediated autophagy in the cochlear hair cells (HCs) through <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010alanine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism and be involved in the NIHL. ROS\u2010mediated oxidative damage may be a pivotal molecular mechanism of NIHL. Taken together, spermidine can be regarded as an important metabolic marker for the diagnosis of NIHL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9548316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T21:35:27Z","timestamp":1651872927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Alterations in Cochlear Metabolic Profiling in Mice with Noise\u2010Induced Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6949-5855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1389-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4710-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuepu","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108725"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06470-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6515a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61613-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-017-0219-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000071061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-010-0254-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.35186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2019.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.907653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","first-page":"264","article-title":"Auditory brainstem responses to clicks and tone bursts in C57 BL\/6J mice","volume":"34","author":"Scimemi P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/4393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15468-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.05.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-020-01758-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-3462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","first-page":"1105","article-title":"The antioxidative properties of carnosine, a natural histidine containing dipeptide","volume":"15","author":"Boldyrev A. 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