{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:24:22Z","timestamp":1785338662119,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Preliminary data suggest that patients with comorbidities are more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection. However, data regarding the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with COVID-19 are scarce. Aim. In the present study, we aim to investigate the association between MetS components and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study of 90 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at a tertiary hospital. The study population consisted of inpatients who tested positive by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Patients with critical COVID-19 disease on admission were excluded. Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were used to define MetS. Laboratory analysis and thorax CT were performed on admission. Results. 90 patients, 60 moderate and 30 severe COVID-19 patients, included in the study. The percentage of MetS cases was higher among severe COVID-19 patients (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.018<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Of the MetS criteria fasting blood glucose (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.004<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), triglycerides (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.007<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) were significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 disease with no statistical significance found in waist circumference (WC) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.348<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), systolic blood pressure (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.429<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and HDL-C levels (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.263<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) between two groups. Body mass index (BMI) values were similar in both severe and moderate cases (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>p<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.854<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). In logistic regression analysis, serum triglycerides (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>p<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.024<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), HDL-C (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mi>p<\/q:mi>\n                        <q:mo>=<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>0.006<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and WC (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <s:mi>p<\/s:mi>\n                        <s:mo>=<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mn>0.004<\/s:mn>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) were found as independent prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 infection. Conclusion. Severe COVID-19 patients have higher rates of MetS. Serum triglycerides, HDL-C, and WC have an impact on disease severity in COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9682032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T22:20:10Z","timestamp":1661379610000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Components and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7213-9624","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hande","family":"Erman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Science, Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7794-4411","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Banu","family":"Boyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Science, Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8987-7199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meltem","family":"Sertbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Science, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8087-9654","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Ozdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Science, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","article-title":"Coronavirus disease (covid-19) outbreak webpage","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26227"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.539528"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.06.016"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.08.036"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000819"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404"},{"issue":"i-xii","key":"10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. 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