{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T19:36:17Z","timestamp":1779219377990,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":364,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hengshui City Science and Technology Plan Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult and relies on the patient\u2019s clinical presentation and initial cerebrospinal fluid testing. Treatment outcomes for some patients with early consideration of TBM meningitis are often poor. <jats:italic>Patients and Methods<\/jats:italic>. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 24 non\u2010TBM patients whose early changes of cerebrospinal fluid were similar to those of TBM through the second\u2010generation cerebrospinal fluid sequencing technology. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. All patients included in this study had an acute onset, including 5 patients with a history of upper respiratory tract infection, 9 patients with fever, 6 patients with headache, 5 patients with psychiatric symptoms, 6 patients with cognitive impairment, 9 patients with signs of meningeal irritation, and 6 patients with seizures. Sixteen patients presented with altered content and level of consciousness during their admission. The leukocyte counts (median, 124.0 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/L) and total protein concentrations (median, 1300\u2009mg\/L) were higher than normal reference values in all patients, whereas glucose (median, 1.345\u2009mmol\/L) and chloride concentration values (average, 111.7 \u00b1 5.2\u2009mmol\/L) were lower than normal reference values. The patients included 2 cases of Liszt\u2019s meningitis, 2 cases of Brucella infection in the CNS, 4 cases of Varicella zoster virus encephalitis, 2 cases of human herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 cases of lupus encephalopathy, 2 cases of anti\u2010NMDAR receptor encephalitis, 2 cases of meningeal carcinomatosis, 5 cases of cryptococcal meningitis, 2 cases of CNS sarcoidosis, and a case of invasive Rhizopus oryzae infection. All patients were tested for NGS in cerebrospinal fluid. Eight patients were diagnosed with anti\u2010NMDAR encephalitis, meningeal carcinomatosis, lupus encephalopathy, and CNS sarcoidosis. Nine patients experienced death; 15 patients had a good prognosis and left no significant sequelae. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The analysis of patients with TBM\u2010like cerebrospinal fluid changes will help improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease and reduce misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9692804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:20:05Z","timestamp":1672532405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analysis of Cases with Cerebrospinal Fluid Characteristics Similar to Tuberculous Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1721-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duanhua","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4111-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6218-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yali","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6086-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingzhe","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00448"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.378-379.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241974"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-014-9238-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2126-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250944"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2019-206397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","volume-title":"The Value of Repeat Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in the Diagnosis of Childhood TBM","author":"Grobbelaar M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","volume-title":"Cowell and Tyler's Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat-E-Book","author":"Valenciano A. C.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2303.2003.00112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2015-0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2016.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01274.2005"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/9692804.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/9692804.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/9692804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T15:50:18Z","timestamp":1735660218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/9692804"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Steven","family":"De Vleeschouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/9692804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9692804","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9692804"}}