{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:25:00Z","timestamp":1767165900396,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":319,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2021\/45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:italic>\n . Nanotechnology finds broad applications in the field of nanomedicine, an emerging new field used for diagnosis, treatment, prevention of diseases, and improvement of health.\n Objectives<\/jats:italic>\n . To synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from\n Withania somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Fagonia indica<\/jats:italic>\n and to carry out their antimicrobial, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities, a step toward the new range of nanomedicines.\n Methods<\/jats:italic>\n . Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from\n Withania somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Fagonia indica<\/jats:italic>\n by chemical reduction method, and further biological activities of these nanoparticles were compared with crude methanolic extract, prepared through cold maceration process, at the concentration of 50\u2009mg\/ml.\n Results<\/jats:italic>\n . Among all tested bacterial pathogens, crude extract of\n W. somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n showed a statistically high significant inhibition zone in millimeter against\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (21;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). AgNPs showed highly significant result against\n Streptococcus pneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n (14;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). In comparison with crude extracts, AgNPs showed statistically significant (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01) results against\n S. pneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n (AgNPs, 14; crude, 8.33\u2009mm). Crude extract showed significant inhibition zone against two bacterial strains,\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (crude, 21; AgNPs, 11.67\u2009mm) and\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n (crude, 11.33; AgNPs, 8\u2009mm). Crude extracts of\n F. indica<\/jats:italic>\n showed the significant activity against\n Vibrio cholera<\/jats:italic>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01; 11.33\u2009mm). Silver nanoparticles of\n F. indica<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited the highest significant activity against\n Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n while AgNPs of\n W. somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n were active only against\n A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n . Extracts of\n W. somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n and\n F. indica<\/jats:italic>\n showed increasing phytotoxic activity with increasing concentrations. The highest significant inhibition was obtained for crude extract (46.7) and AgNPs (45.7) of\n F. indica<\/jats:italic>\n at 1000\u2009\n \u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n g\/ml. Insecticidal activity of crude and AgNPs of both plants showed significant inhibition against all tested insects with increasing time intervals, and the highest significant result was obtained at 72 hours with a value of\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01 except\n T. castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n .\n Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n . Both crude and AgNPs showed potent activity; however, in comparison, silver nanoparticles showed slightly enhanced activity. Crude and AgNPs of both plants showed good phytotoxic and insecticidal inhibition. Antimicrobial studies of AgNPs on diseases causing pathogens open a door for new antimicrobial agents and could be the answer to antibiotic resistance after further analysis.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9845022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T13:05:12Z","timestamp":1668603912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["[Retracted] Phyto\u2010Extract\u2010Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Their Biological Activities"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8817-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Adnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-5258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakina","family":"Mussarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waheed","family":"Murad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishfaq","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaheen","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruqia","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nawab","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essam A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdul","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahid Niaz","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-8155-2025-2.10002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm960513y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm00011a019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl025638i"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/928204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2010.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2010.09.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Phytochemicals and biological activities of Fagonia indica","volume":"3","author":"Anil P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Res J Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/F29797500790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of a single disc method for antibiotic sensitivity testing","author":"Kirby W.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Antibiotics Annual"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822007000300001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1993-0534.ch009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S81271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1872210515666210614165105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.200510108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","first-page":"839","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of some important medicinal plant against plant and human pathogens","volume":"4","author":"Mahesh B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"World Journal of Agriculture Sciences."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652013005000018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/16\/10\/059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","first-page":"394","article-title":"Biogenic silver nanoparticles by Solanum torvum and their promising antimicrobial activity","volume":"3","author":"Govindaraju K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biopesticide"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0504079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","first-page":"323","article-title":"High antibacterial activity of silver nanoballs against E. coli MTCC 1302, S. typhimurium MTCC 1254, B. subtilis MTCC 1133 and P. aeruginosa MTCC 2295","volume":"5","author":"Tripathi R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig J Nanomater Bios"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/FUPCT0901073S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","article-title":"Biogenic silver nanoparticles by Gelidiella acerosa extract and their antifungal effects","volume":"3","author":"Vivek M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009253223055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mset.2020.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja011342n"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Roles of flavonoids in plants","volume":"100","author":"Samanta A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","first-page":"182","article-title":"Allelopathic effects of Panicum antidotale Retz","volume":"23","author":"Begum I.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Tectona grandis Linn leaves","volume":"5","author":"Ghareeb M. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Phytopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","first-page":"100","article-title":"Polypharmacological activities of Bergenia species","volume":"13","author":"Ruby K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2704-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","first-page":"1879","article-title":"Effectiveness of Lantana camera and Nerium olender extracts alone and in mixtures with two insecticides against Rhizopertha dominica (F.)","volume":"34","author":"El-Lakwah F.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annals of Agricultural Science Moshtohor"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2010.08.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9023118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.118008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10112278"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9803813","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"record-id":"57678"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9803813","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000}}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/9845022.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2022\/9845022.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/9845022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T03:33:47Z","timestamp":1735616027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/9845022"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wilson","family":"Aruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/9845022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9845022","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9845022"}}