{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:43:34Z","timestamp":1791593014502,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81804155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81804155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ30615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ40507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX20200974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20200974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["81804155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81804155"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2021JJ30615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30615"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2021JJ40507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40507"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["CX20200974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20200974"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduates","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81804155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81804155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduates","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021JJ30615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduates","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021JJ40507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduates","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CX20200974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20200974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Although there are many pharmacological interventions for adults with osteoarthritis (OA) who do not meet the indications for surgery, side effects and adverse effects cannot be ignored. Physical interventions are known for their effectiveness and safety, and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have already been applied to skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. Objective. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the efficacy of PEMF on the major symptoms of patients with OA compared with efficacy of other interventions. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating OA patients treated with PEMF and with pain, stiffness, and physical function impairment since 2009 were included. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were used for assessment. All extracted data were analyzed using RevMan V.5.3. Results. Eleven RCTs consisting of 614 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis, of which 10 trials comprised knee OA and one comprised hand OA. Compared with the control groups, the PEMF treatment yielded a more favorable output. PEMF alleviated pain (standardized mean differences [SMD]\u2009=\u20090.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08\u20131.34, p\u2009=\u20090.03), improved stiffness (SMD\u2009=\u20091.34, 95% CI: 0.45\u20132.23,<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.003<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and restored physical function (SMD\u2009=\u20091.52, 95% CI: 0.49\u20132.55,<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.004<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusions. PEMF therapy ameliorates OA symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and physical function in patients compared to other conservative treatments. There is an urgent need to search for different types of OA in multiple locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9939891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T17:36:18Z","timestamp":1652117778000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Efficacy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Pain, Stiffness, and Physical Function in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7138-0886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2508-957X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhengyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4765-5149","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guanghua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8280-6822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5713-6679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2798-9763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peirui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9596-1696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 421001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0359-2403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaocui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, 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