{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1790892167714,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":82,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, there have been numerous reports showing that phthalates have negative human health impacts and may cause several diseases such as asthma, breast cancer, obesity, type II diabetes, and male infertility. Animals are also exposed to phthalate<jats:bold>s<\/jats:bold> through the environment and can cause adverse health effects on them. Several studies have been found on the cytogenetic effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on different organisms but no documented evidence has been found on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on bovine cultured lymphocytes. MTT assay was performed on different series of DBP concentrations (10\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M, 20\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M, 30\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M, 50\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M, 70\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M, 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M). A concentration\u2010dependent decrease in cell viability was observed by the DBP. The LD50, LD50\/2, and 2\u2217LD50 were found to be 50\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M, 30\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M, and 80\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M on bovine lymphocytes, respectively. Then, these concentrations of DBP were utilized to perform comet, micronucleus assays, and oxidative stress. A concentration\u2010dependent increase in DNA damage, oxidative stress, and micronuclei formation was observed in lymphocytes by the DBP as compared to the control group. Highest genotoxic effects were observed at a concentration of 2\u2217LD50. Similarly, total oxidative stress was found higher, and antioxidative stress was lower in concentration\u2010dependent manner by the DBP. The current study revealed a significant cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative stress of DBP on cultured bovine lymphocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9961513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T23:31:21Z","timestamp":1648164681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Assessment of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Stress of Dibutyl Phthalate on Cultured Bovine Peripheral Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7930-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Muddassir","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taha","family":"Sahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7861-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sehrish","family":"Firyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0628-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid Abdul","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7454-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furqan","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Memoona","family":"Adil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8294-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroon","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0280-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Imran","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3626-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim Hakki","family":"Ci\u011ferci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)00195-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2014.960987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.113436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400902729226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2020.1721439"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233714566877.Epub"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1098-2280(2000)35:1<9::aid-em2>3.0.co;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.03.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Genotoxic evaluation of an endemic plant Thermopsis turcica extracts on liver cancer cell line","volume":"51","author":"Ali M. 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