{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:07:11Z","timestamp":1773050831163,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645920000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017A030310344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A030310344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B1097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B2020173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2020173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Social Public Welfare and Basic Research Project","award":["2017A030310344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A030310344"]}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Social Public Welfare and Basic Research Project","award":["2020B1097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1097"]}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Social Public Welfare and Basic Research Project","award":["B2020173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2020173"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project","award":["2017A030310344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A030310344"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project","award":["2020B1097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1097"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project","award":["B2020173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2020173"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose. To evaluate the effect of customized progressive addition lenses (CPALs) versus single vision lenses (SVLs) on the progression of juvenile-onset myopia in children with near esophoria. Methods. Ninety-three Chinese children, aged 7\u201314 years with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ranging from \u22120.50 to \u22124.00 D and near esophoria \u22652\u0394, were randomly assigned into a CPALs (n\u2009=\u200946) and an SVLs group (n\u2009=\u200947) for a 2-year, double-masked, randomized trial. The primary outcome measure was the progression of myopia, as determined by cycloplegic autorefraction. A customized near addition, calculated by a regression equation, was prescribed to establish a fixed heterophoria status for each child, which was \u22123\u0394 exophoria. Results. Eighty-four (90.3%) of the 93 children completed the 2-year follow-up. The mean initial near addition lenses were 1.65\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07 D (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SE). The adjusted 2-year myopia progression was 0.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08 D slower in the CPALs group than in the SVLs group (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.046<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Post hoc analysis found significantly larger treatment effects for CPALs in children without myopic parents (0.47\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 D; 95% CI: 0.18\u20130.76), with lower baseline myopia (0.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 D; 95% CI: 0.14\u20130.52; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), with higher baseline accommodative lag (0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 D; 95% CI: 0.12\u20130.60; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.05<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and with higher baseline near esophoria (0.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10 D; 95% CI: 0.12\u20130.48; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.05<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. CPALs exerted a significant but minimal protective effect against myopia progression in Chinese children with esophoric myopia, as compared with SVLs. Regulating near heterophoria and accommodative lag by near addition lenses may not be an appropriate way to prevent myopia progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9972761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T02:50:07Z","timestamp":1646016607000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Customized Progressive Addition Lenses vs. Single Vision Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children with Esophoria: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1300-7354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan City People\u2019s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-9952","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0424-3520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naiyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan City People\u2019s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3737-3014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(99)00452-3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1151"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1051"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100923"},{"key":"5","first-page":"2794","article-title":"Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: a three-year follow-up study","volume":"34","author":"O. 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