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The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of mental illnesses is a reality that accompanies the history of civilizations, and the Piper genus exhibits many species with pharmacologically proven central effects. Then, this study evaluated the neuropharmacological effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from <jats:italic>Piper cernuum<\/jats:italic> (HEPC) leaves to validate its uses in folk medicine. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Primarily Swiss mice (female, 25\u201330\u2009g) were pretreated with HEPC (50\u2013150\u2009mg\/kg, p.o.), vehicle, or the positive control, and submitted to open\u2010field test (OFT), inhibitory avoidance test (IAT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swim test (FST). Also, mice were exposed to pentylenetetrazol\u2010 and strychnine\u2010induced seizure assay, pentobarbital\u2010induced hypnosis test, and elevated plus\u2010maze (EPM). The GABA levels and MAO\u2010A activity were measured in the animal\u2019s brain after 15\u2009days of HEPC administration (150\u2009mg\/kg, p.o.). <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Mice pretreated with HEPC (100 and 150\u2009mg\/kg) and exposed to pentobarbital presented decreased sleep latency and increased sleep duration (HEPC 150\u2009mg\/kg). In EPM, the HEPC (150\u2009mg\/kg) increased the frequency of entry and the time of exploration of mice in the open arms. The antidepressant\u2010like properties of HEPC were demonstrated by the decrease in the mice\u2019s immobility time when tested in FST and TST. The extract did not show anticonvulsant activity, in addition to not improving the memory parameters of animals (IAT) or interfering with their locomotor activity (OFT). Besides, HEPC administration decreased the MAO\u2010A activity and increased the GABA levels in the animal\u2019s brain. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. HEPC induces sedative\u2010hypnotic, anxiolytic\u2010, and antidepressant\u2010like effects. These neuropharmacological effects of HEPC could be, at least in part, related to the modulation of the GABAergic system and\/or MAO\u2010A activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1183809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:20:06Z","timestamp":1681172406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neuropharmacology Potential of the Hydroalcoholic Extract from the Leaves of <i>Piper cernuum<\/i>: Anxiolytic, Hypnotic, and Antidepressant\u2010Like Effects"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Marcel Andrigo","family":"Maia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocilene Dem\u00e9trio","family":"Jurcevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Malheiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3528-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Andr\u00e9","family":"Cazarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6969-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Dalmagro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila do","family":"Esp\u00edrito Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Mota da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6297-9635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Maria de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ah16115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.120.019539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","unstructured":"Who Mental health 2019 https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/mental-health."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2017-102718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13020117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10111575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6194640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419891246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5577594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0367-326x(01)00362-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578x1501000217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","article-title":"Divergence os secondary metabolismo in cell suspension cultures and differentiated plants of Piper cernuum and P. crassinervium","volume":"16","author":"Danellute A. 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