{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:40:48Z","timestamp":1790700048391,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Higher Education Institutions of Gansu Province","award":["2021B-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B-23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Inflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various ocular diseases. Uveitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation of the uvea and ocular tissues that causes extreme pain, decreases visual acuity, and may eventually lead to blindness. The pharmacological functions of morroniside, isolated from Cornus officinalis, are multifarious. Morroniside exerts various therapeutic effects, e.g., it ameliorates inflammation. However, the specific anti-inflammatory effect of morroniside on lipopolysaccharide-induced uveitis has not been reported widely. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of morroniside on uveitis in mice. Methods. An endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) mouse model was constructed and treated with morroniside. The inflammatory response was observed using slit lamp microscopy, and histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining. The cell count in the aqueous humor was measured using a hemocytometer. The concentrations of TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2 in the ciliary body and retina were measured using ELISA kits. The expression of iNOS and Arg-1 in the ciliary body and retina was measured by immunofluorescence costaining, and western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in the ciliary body and retina. Results. Morroniside effectively ameliorated the inflammatory response in EIU mice. Furthermore, morroniside significantly reduced the concentrations of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 in the ciliary body and retina. Morroniside treatment significantly reduced the expression of iNOS in the ciliary body and retinal tissues. It also significantly inhibited p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 expression and promoted Arg-1 expression. In addition, morroniside boosted the effect of JAK inhibitors on the above indices. Conclusions. Collectively, these findings suggest that morroniside may protect against LPS-induced inflammation in uveitis by promoting M2 polarization through the inhibition of the JAK\/STAT pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1252873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T10:35:19Z","timestamp":1682332519000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Morroniside Ameliorates Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis by Regulating the M1\/M2 Polarization Balance of Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3042-6235","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0251-0381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4944-8450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ziwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3873-9276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2016.1196713"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316256"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.08.002"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20220094"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102731"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12866"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113447"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-017-0699-x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6457"},{"issue":"9","key":"10","first-page":"6016","article-title":"Morroniside protects against chronic atrophic gastritis in rat via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"11","author":"J. 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