{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T09:02:20Z","timestamp":1765357340332,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Xuelian, as a traditional Chinese ethnodrug, plays an important role in anti\u2010inflammation, immunoregulation, promoting blood circulation, and other physiological functions. It has been prepared into different traditional Chinese medicine preparations for clinical use, with xuelian koufuye (XL) being widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. However, whether XL can relieve inflammatory pain and its analgesic molecular mechanism are still unknown. The present study explored the palliative effect of XL on inflammatory pain and its analgesic molecular mechanism. In complete Freund\u2019s adjuvant (CFA)\u2010induced inflammatory joint pain, oral XL dose\u2010dependently improved the mechanical withdrawal threshold of inflammatory pain from an average value of 17.8\u2009g to 26.6\u2009g (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and high doses of XL significantly reduced inflammation\u2010induced ankle swelling from an average value of 3.1\u2009cm to 2.3\u2009cm compared to the model group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In addition, in carrageenan\u2010induced inflammatory muscle pain rat models, oral XL dose\u2010dependently improved the mechanical withdrawal threshold of inflammatory pain from an average value of 34.3\u2009g to 40.8\u2009g (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The phosphorylated p65 was inhibited in LPS\u2010induced BV\u20102 microglia and spinal cord of mice in CFA\u2010induced inflammatory joint pain within a value of 75% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 52% reduction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) on average, respectively. In addition, the results showed that XL could effectively inhibit the expression and secretion of IL\u20106 from an average value of 2.5\u2009ng\/ml to 0.5\u2009ng\/ml (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> from 3.6\u2009mg\/ml to 1.8\u2009ng\/ml with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of 20.15\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL and 112\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL respectively, by activating the NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B signaling pathway in BV\u20102 microglia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The above\u2010given results provide a clear understanding of the analgesic activity and mechanism of action not found in XL. Considering the significant effects of XL, it can be evaluated as a novel drug candidate for inflammatory pain, which establishes a new experimental basis for expanding the indications of XL in clinical treatment and suggests a feasible strategy to develop natural analgesic drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1508098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T09:34:48Z","timestamp":1677058488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Xueliankoufuye Suppresses Microglial Activation with Inflammatory Pain by Blocking NF\u2010<i>\u03ba<\/i>B Signaling 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