{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:59:10Z","timestamp":1792447150706,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The objective of the present study was to develop a novel nanogel containing\n                    <jats:italic>Beta vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. hydroalcoholic extract and assess its efficacy for treating testosterone\u2010induced alopecia.\n                    <jats:italic>Beta vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. leaf hydroalcoholic extract nanogel (BVEN) was prepared by ionic gelation method, incorporated in carbopol 934 gel. Optimization of particle size and entrapment efficiency as the responses was carried out by central composite design response surface methodology. Prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Nanogel was evaluated for pH, colour, appearance and homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    release study, and stability studies. Further, 2.5% and 5% BVEN were also evaluated for antialopecic activity in Swiss albino mice by using parameters as hair growth initiation, testosterone content, total protein, prostate weight measurement, hair follicular density, anagen\/telogen ratio, and histopathological studies. The resulting nanoparticles had better entrapment efficiency with particle size of 274\u2009nm, polydispersity index of 0.259, and zeta potential of +28.8. BVEN pH 6.5, drug content, i.e., quercetin 99.84 \u00b1 1.30\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    and stigmasterol 99.89 \u00b1 1.52\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    , spreadability 20.3 \u00b1 0.5925\u2009g\u2009cm\/sec, and viscosity 110 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009cps were observed. Stability studies showed that nanogel was stable at 4\u00b0C \u00b1 2\u00b0C\/60\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b1 5\n                    <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                    RH. It was found that 5% BVEN showed better antialopecic activity as compared to 2.5% BVEN.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1777631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T09:09:24Z","timestamp":1675156164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Formulation Development and Investigations on Therapeutic Potential of Nanogel from\n                    <i>Beta vulgaris<\/i>\n                    L. Extract in Testosterone\u2010Induced Alopecia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6852-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumitra","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2619-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh K.","family":"Sindhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6948-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman A.","family":"Alsayegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaber El-Saber","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saqer S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0774-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Albogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Adam","family":"Conte-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S52634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8020097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja051977c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"4730","article-title":"Nanogel a pharmaceutical carrier- review article","volume":"5","author":"Fateh A. L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scholars journal of applied medical sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Herbal nanogel formulation: a novel approach","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhary P. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"A review on: herbal nanogel","volume":"9","author":"Jadhao P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indo American journal of pharmaceutical sciences."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200900441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.08.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Nanotechnology: a safe and effective drug delivery system","volume":"3","author":"Jain N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Modified stems, roots, bulbs","author":"Lim T. K.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1691\/ph.2016.5821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effect of Beta vulgaris Linn leaves extract on anxiety-and depressive-like behaviour and oxidative stress in mice after acute restraint stress","volume":"8","author":"Sulakhiya K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00328-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"The antioxidant activity of Beta vulgaris leaf extract in improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory disorders in rats","volume":"7","author":"Hajihosseini S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Phytopharmacognostical study of Beta vulgaris L. leaves: an update","volume":"3","author":"Sonia S. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research Review International Journal of Multidisciplinary"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2017.1377315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/80.10.1316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107555302317371433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Extracts for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"2","author":"Mccoy J. J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Life science and Pharma Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S264648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","first-page":"606","article-title":"Development and validation of HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin and rutin in Aganosma dichotoma [Roth] K. Schum","volume":"6","author":"Subramanian G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","first-page":"691","article-title":"A validated RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of betulin, lupeol, and stigmasterol in Asteracantha longifolia Nees","volume":"6","author":"Maji A. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjbas.2014.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57666-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2020\/v32i130394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of herbal gel containing Lantana camara leaves extract","volume":"6","author":"Pawar D. P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-82502016000300015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1568562052843339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02652040903079526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00269-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","unstructured":"ICH guidelines Stability testing of new drug substances and products 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8080466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of herbal gel formulation","volume":"1","author":"Jamadar M. J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14030415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.108007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Development and characterization of microsponge gel for topical delivery of oregano oil","volume":"12","author":"Redhu S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410802632820"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Effect of Adiantum capillus veneris Linn on an animal model of testosterone-induced hair loss","volume":"13","author":"Noubarani M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00431058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of herbal hair oil for alopecia management","volume":"2","author":"Patni P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta Indica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2008.00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2008.4221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scient.2012.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2006.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25174004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","first-page":"512","article-title":"Evaluation of hair growth promoting activity of Phyllanthus niruri","volume":"5","author":"Patel S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Avicenna journal of phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000710306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2011005000221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.1246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/pmco.121545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(01)02027-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/EJNM.2010.3.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0939-6"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2023\/1777631.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2023\/1777631.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2023\/1777631","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T19:07:17Z","timestamp":1722884837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2023\/1777631"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sercan","family":"Erg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2023\/1777631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/1777631","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1777631"}}