{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:51:18Z","timestamp":1772164278130,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Since real\u2010world data are often inaccurate and working with fuzzy data and\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010numbers are very important and necessary, and in the real world, we need to rank and compare data, in this article, we introduce a new method for ranking\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010numbers. This ranking algorithm is based on centroid point. We evaluate the distance between the centroid points, and based on this distance, we rank the\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010numbers. The algorithm of this method has simple calculations and it provides satisfactory results for data in different conditions; we use this method in two practical examples. First, by ranking the return on assets of Tehran stock exchanges, with this method, we can choose the most risky stock and the least risky stock among the available stocks. The advantage of this method over conventional fuzzy methods is considering uncertainty and allocating credit in the opinion of experts to estimate fuzzy parameters, and in the second example, we ranked the factors which affect the productivity of tourism security. Then, by using the proposed algorithm, we introduce the most important and the least important factors for tourist security budgeting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2063267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T12:51:03Z","timestamp":1675169463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ranking the Return on Assets of Tehran Stock Exchange by a New Method Based on\n                    <i>Z<\/i>\n                    \u2010Numbers Data"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4090-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Farzam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5912-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mozhdeh","family":"Afshar Kermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6673-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tofigh","family":"Allahviranloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5247-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azim","family":"Aminataei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"2807","article-title":"Decision making using Z-numbers under uncertain environment","volume":"8","author":"Kang B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/18756891.2015.1017371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(80)90013-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"379","article-title":"Fuzzy decision analysis in the development of centralized regional energy control systems","volume":"6","author":"Murakami S.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Energy Developments in Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0114(96)00272-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0898-1221(01)00277-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2005.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","article-title":"An improved ranking method for fuzzy numbers based on the centroid index","volume":"13","author":"Dat L. Q.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Application of intuitionistic Z-numbers in supplier selection","volume":"3","author":"Alam N. B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Fuzzy Extension and Applications (JFEA)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tfuzz.2022.3170208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","article-title":"Ranking Z-numbers using confidence intervals international online conference on intelligent decision science IDS","volume":"10","author":"Hadaegh M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Progress in Intelligent Decision Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4903578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fiae.2016.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","article-title":"Ranking Z-numbers with an improved ranking method for generalized fuzzy numbers","author":"Jiang W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","article-title":"Optimizing the investment portfolio by risk-based value under credit theory with Z-numbers approach","volume":"8","author":"jirofti A. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","article-title":"Identifying and prioritizing effective factors on the tourism security productivity and representing functional model (case study: isfahan, Iran)","volume":"90","author":"Haashemi M. H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Isfahan Law Enforcement Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47852\/bonviewJCCE2202197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FarzamM.andAllahviranlooT. 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