{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:52:26Z","timestamp":1783648346136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Punjab (provincial government) Population Innovation Fund","award":["1\u2013003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\u2013003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Pakistan\u2019s contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) has remained static (less than 1% annual increase since 2006) due to several demand and supply issues. The Akhter Hameed Khan Foundation implemented a community\u2010driven, demand\u2010generation intervention with complementary supply side family planning (FP) services in a large urban informal settlement in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The intervention recruited local women as outreach workers called Aapis (sisters), who conducted household outreach and provided counseling, contraceptives, and referrals. Program data were used to guide in\u2010program corrections, identify the most willing to use married women of reproductive age (MWRA), and target specific geographic locations. The evaluation compared results from two surveys. The baseline survey included 1485 MWRA while the endline included 1560 MWRA that were sampled using the same methodology. A logit model was used with survey weights and clustered standard errors, to estimate the odds of using a contraceptive method. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. CPR in Dhok Hassu increased from 33% at the baseline to 44% at endline. Long\u2010acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) usage increased from 1% at baseline to 4% at endline. Increase in CPR is correlated with increasing number of children and education of MWRA and is the highest between the ages of 25 and 39 and for working women. Qualitative evaluation of the intervention provided lessons about in\u2010program corrections using data and empowerment of the female outreach workers and MWRA. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>Aapis<\/jats:italic> Initiative is a unique community\u2010based demand\u2010supply side intervention that successfully increased modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) by economically engaging the women from within the community as outreach workers and enabling healthcare providers to establish a sustainable ecosystem for increasing knowledge and access to family planning services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2587780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T22:05:06Z","timestamp":1675721106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Community\u2010Driven Family Planning in Urban Slums: Results from Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3816-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taimoor","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7784-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areesha","family":"Najam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4376-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","volume-title":"Census-Area, Population by sex, sex ratio, population density, urban proportion, household size and annual growth rate (Sindh)","author":"Statistics PBo","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","volume-title":"Pakistan Population Situation Analysis 2020","author":"Sayed H.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","volume-title":"Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18","author":"National Institute of Population Studies P, DHS M","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","article-title":"Family planning trends and programming in Pakistan","volume":"71","author":"Khan A. 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