{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T23:00:52Z","timestamp":1762642852219,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009318","name":"Helmholtz Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VH-NG-1727","ZT-I-0029","39071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VH-NG-1727","ZT-I-0029","39071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Uncertainty Quantification-From Data to Reliable Knowledge","award":["VH-NG-1727","ZT-I-0029","39071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VH-NG-1727","ZT-I-0029","39071"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002657","name":"Istanbul \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VH-NG-1727","ZT-I-0029","39071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VH-NG-1727","ZT-I-0029","39071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Complex systems, such as the power grid, are essential for our daily lives. Many\n\t\t\t\t\tcomplex systems display multifractal behavior, correlated fluctuations and power\n\t\t\t\t\tlaws. Whether the power-grid frequency, an indicator of the balance of supply\n\t\t\t\t\tand demand in the electricity grid, also displays such complexity remains a\n\t\t\t\t\tmostly open question. Within the present article, we utilize highly resolved\n\t\t\t\t\tmeasurements to quantify the properties of the power-grid frequency, making\n\t\t\t\t\tthree key contributions: First, we demonstrate the existence of power laws in\n\t\t\t\t\tpower-grid frequency measurements. Second, we show that below one second, the\n\t\t\t\t\tdynamics may fundamentally change, including a suddenly increasing power\n\t\t\t\t\tspectral density, emergence of multifractality and a change of correlation\n\t\t\t\t\tbehavior. Third, we provide a simplified stochastic model involving positively\n\t\t\t\t\tcorrelated noise to reproduce the observed dynamics, possibly linked to\n\t\t\t\t\tfrequency-dependent loads. Finally, we stress the need for high-quality\n\t\t\t\t\tmeasurements and discuss how we obtained the data analyzed here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2657039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T22:20:07Z","timestamp":1678141207000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Microscopic Fluctuations in Power-Grid Frequency Recordings at the\n\t\t\t\t\tSubsecond Scale"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1607-9748","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5513-0580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Rydin Gorj\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, \u00c5s 1432, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo N-0130, Norway"},{"name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Systems Analysis and Technology\n\t\t\t\t\tEvaluation (IEK-STE), J\u00fclich 52428, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6987-7976","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G. 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