{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T13:30:39Z","timestamp":1749475839134,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771754","2019CR206","2022B09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771754","2019CR206","2022B09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015640","name":"Tongji Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771754","2019CR206","2022B09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771754","2019CR206","2022B09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015640","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a fatal inflammatory condition, which is often associated with the elevation of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and multiple organ dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that ST2 contributes to T cell overactivation and plays a detrimental role in mouse models of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the IL-33\/ST2 axis in a mouse model of MAS induced by repeated injections of cytosine\u2013phosphate\u2013guanine (CpG). Methods. Serum cytokines were determined using the cytometric bead array by flow cytometry. IL-33 and ST2 were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR in the liver and spleen of mice. CD3 and F4\/80 in the liver were detected by immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory macrophages and effector memory T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Result. The CpG-induced MAS model was successfully induced after repeated CpG injections, presenting with hypercytokinemia and hepatosplenomegaly. The numbers of IL-33 positive cells in the liver and spleen decreased significantly, while the expression of ST2 in the liver tended to increase in the mice with MAS. IL-33 and St2 knockout mice showed similar levels of hepatosplenomegaly, peripheral blood count, and cytokine storm when compared with wild-type (WT) mice after induction of MAS. There were also no significant differences in liver pathology (including inflammatory cell infiltration of CD3 and F4\/80) and levels of splenic inflammatory macrophages and effector memory T cells between the WT and knockout mice. Conclusion. These results suggested that IL-33 decreased in the liver and spleen tissues of MAS mice. Further results suggest that IL-33 and St2 knockout mice have no treatment potential in CpG-induced MAS. Thus, the IL-33\/ST2 axis has little effect on the prognosis of CpG-induced MAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2689360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:35:06Z","timestamp":1696523706000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Role of the IL-33\/ST2 Axis in CpG-Induced Macrophage Activation Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1699-1569","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuanji","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5741-0874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rongfen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5977-5044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kailin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3534-7480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jixin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-1125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingli","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05569-4"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2014.10.001"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39332"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/lp2u7g"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40417"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000872"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00119"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.08.004"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2018894618"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338179"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002289"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.179"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000078"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-02-700013"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000761"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-684399"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30156-5"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2319-7"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abc6259"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.03.056"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107847"},{"issue":"2","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2019.0429","article-title":"Role of IL-33 in transplant biology","volume":"30","author":"Y. 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