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The micro\u2010Doppler effect refers to amplitude\/phase modulation of the received signal by rotating parts of a target such as propellers. Since different targets\u2019 geometric and physical properties differ, their micro\u2010Doppler signature is different. This inconsistency can be considered an effective issue (especially in the frequency domain) for sonar target recognition. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, both simulated and practical micro\u2010Doppler data are produced and applied to the designed STR_MD. Also, MV\u2010PSO with six well\u2010known basic classifiers, k\u2010nearest neighbors (k\u2010NN), Naive Bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), MLP_NN, support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), has been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. This ensemble classifier assigns an instance to a class that most base classifiers agree on. However, basic classifiers in a set seldom work just as well. Therefore, in this case, one strategy is to weigh each classification depending on its performance using PSO. The performance parameters measured are the recognition score, reliability, and processing time. The simulation results showed that the correct recognition rate, reliability, and processing time for the simulated data at SNR\u2009=\u20095\u2009dB and 10\u00b0 viewing angle were 98.50, 98.89, and 9.81\u2009s, respectively, and for the practical dataset with RPM\u2009=\u20091200, 100, 100, and 4.43, respectively. Thus, MV\u2010PSO has a more encouraging performance in STR_MD for simulated and practical micro\u2010Doppler sonar datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2768126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T21:20:06Z","timestamp":1698960006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Decision Fusion and Micro\u2010Doppler Effects in Moving Sonar Target Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-4485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhan A.","family":"Alenizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7530-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar Mutab","family":"Alsalami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6679-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Saffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Hamid","family":"Zahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1393-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mokhtar","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2014.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2022.3232537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/2.0000370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12084073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3303267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","unstructured":"PlessasT. 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