{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:10:21Z","timestamp":1790111421290,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SAF","award":["P30CA062203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA062203"]}]},{"name":"Cancer Center Support","award":["P30CA062203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA062203"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021686","name":"Safeway Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30CA062203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA062203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014576","name":"University of California Office of the President","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30CA062203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA062203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014576","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011800","name":"Salesforce","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA062203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA062203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011800","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Breast Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Breast density is an important risk factor for breast cancer and is known to be associated with characteristics such as age, race, and hormone levels; however, it is unclear what factors contribute to changes in breast density in postmenopausal women over time. Understanding factors associated with density changes may enable a better understanding of breast cancer risk and facilitate potential strategies for prevention. Methods. This study investigated potential associations between personal factors and changes in mammographic density in a cohort of 3,392 postmenopausal women with no personal history of breast cancer between 2011 and 2017. Self-reported information on demographics, breast and reproductive history, and lifestyle factors, including body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity, was collected by an electronic intake form, and breast imaging reporting and database system (BI-RADS) mammographic density scores were obtained from electronic medical records. Factors associated with a longitudinal increase or decrease in mammographic density were identified using Fisher\u2019s exact test and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Results. 7.9% of women exhibited a longitudinal decrease in mammographic density, 6.7% exhibited an increase, and 85.4% exhibited no change. Longitudinal changes in mammographic density were correlated with age, race\/ethnicity, and age at menopause in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, Asian women were more likely to exhibit a longitudinal increase in mammographic density and less likely to exhibit a decrease compared to White women. On the other hand, obese women were less likely to exhibit an increase and more likely to exhibit a decrease compared to normal weight women. Women who underwent menopause at age 55\u2009years or older were less likely to exhibit a decrease in mammographic density compared to women who underwent menopause at a younger age. Besides obesity, lifestyle factors (alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity) were not associated with longitudinal changes in mammographic density. Conclusions. The associations we observed between Asian race\/obesity and longitudinal changes in BI-RADS density in postmenopausal women are paradoxical in that breast cancer risk is lower in Asian women and higher in obese women. However, the association between later age at menopause and a decreased likelihood of decreasing in BI-RADS density over time is consistent with later age at menopause being a risk factor for breast cancer and suggests a potential relationship between greater cumulative lifetime estrogen exposure and relative stability in breast density after menopause. Our findings support the complexity of the relationships between breast density, BMI, hormone exposure, and breast cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2794603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T19:20:28Z","timestamp":1697570428000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors Associated with Longitudinal Changes in Mammographic Density in a Multiethnic Breast Screening Cohort of Postmenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9973-1396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah Lui","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argyrios","family":"Ziogas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Feig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roza Lorin","family":"Kirmizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie Jiwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel McFarland","family":"Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Informatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Anton-Culver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0034"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10549-017-4274-9"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2942"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0881"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023112"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/RADIOL.2015151261"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs264"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-019-05325-6"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2423"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12683"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15472"},{"key":"12","article-title":"ACR BI-RADS\u00ae mammography","volume-title":"ACR BI-RADS\u00ae Atlas, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System","author":"C. 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