{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T12:56:26Z","timestamp":1762520186202,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009509","name":"Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["010\/E5\/PG.02.00.PT\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/E5\/PG.02.00.PT\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Cadmium (Cd) can contaminate aquatic environments as a result of anthropogenic activity. Cd accumulates quickly in the tissues of fish and has the potential to affect their physiology, including osmoregulation and acid-base balance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the sublethal effects of Cd on the osmoregulation and acid-base balance of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at different times. Methods. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cd (1 and 2\u2009mg\/L) for 4 and 15\u2009days. At the end of the experiment, fish were collected from each treatment to examine the levels of Cd and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the gills, plasma osmolality, ions, blood pH, pCO2, pO2, and hematological parameters. Results. Cd concentrations in gills rose with increasing Cd concentrations in the medium and exposure time. Cd inhibited respiration by generating metabolic acidosis, decreasing gill CA, reducing pO2, plasma osmolality, Cl\u2212, and K+, particularly at 2\u2009mg\/L for 4\u2009days and 1 and 2\u2009mg\/L for 15\u2009days. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) levels decreased as Cd levels in water and exposure duration increased. Conclusion. Cd inhibits respiration, lowers RCB, Hb, and Ht levels and decreases ionic and osmotic regulation. All of these impairments can limit a fish\u2019s ability to provide appropriate oxygen to its cells, hence diminishing its physical activity and productivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2857650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T20:05:08Z","timestamp":1677528308000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sublethal Effects of Cadmium on the Osmoregulatory and Acid-Base Parameters of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at Various Times"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8030-5204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agoes","family":"Soegianto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8640-0459","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bambang","family":"Yulianto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn Melissa","family":"Payus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moch","family":"Affandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wildanun","family":"Mukholladun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khudrotul Nisa","family":"Indriyasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ary","family":"Marchellina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nailul Muthiati","family":"Rahmatin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.09.070"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.03.015"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2011.10.003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-0481-66-11"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-022-03504-8"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(99)00105-8"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20766"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2015.03.007"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2005.11.005"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131639","article-title":"Effects of cadmium on the female reproductive axis of a Neotropical fish","volume":"286","author":"M. Vicentini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2013.12.005"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2019.108577"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2015.01.002"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2022.05.002"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f85-168"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050099"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/16085914.2002.9626573"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2012.09.004"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00906.x"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374553-8.00115-5","article-title":"Gas transport and exchange: interaction between O2 and CO2 exchange","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology, from Genome to Environment","author":"C. J. Brauner","year":"2011"},{"key":"21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cadmium (Cd) affects the gill structure and respiration rate of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","volume":"97","author":"V. Yancheva","year":"2016","journal-title":"ZooNotes"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.029181"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2015.05.001"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-07611-z"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26471\/cjees\/2021\/016\/155"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2020.08.006"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2017.1315120"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2022.103810"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0426.2008.01121.x"},{"key":"30","first-page":"97","article-title":"Branchial chemoreceptor regulation of cardiorespiratory function","volume-title":"Sensory Systems Neuroscience","author":"K. M. Gilmour","year":"2007"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z78-181"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.10129"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00309663"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1546-5098(11)31025-4"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00004672"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f00-161"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00319161"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(90)90123-q"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15038620"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.03.042"},{"key":"41","first-page":"369","article-title":"Effect of copper on haematology and osmoregulation of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae)","volume":"111C","author":"G. Nussey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214236"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-8-16"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.104.1.247"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.152.1.149"},{"key":"46","article-title":"The effects of pollutants on selected haematological and biochemical parameters in fish","volume-title":"Sublethal and Chronic Effects of Pollutants on Freshwater Fish","author":"Z. Svobodova","year":"1994"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(93)90197-s"},{"key":"48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute toxicity and blood profile of adult Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead nitrate","volume":"4","author":"K. Olanike","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Internet Journal of Hematology"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/aopf-2017-0017"},{"volume-title":"Water Pollution and Fish Physiology","year":"1995","author":"A. G. Heath","key":"50"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14737\/journal.aavs\/2015\/3.11.569.573"},{"key":"52","first-page":"275","article-title":"The effect of hexavalent chromium at different pH values on the haematology of Tilapia sparrmanii (Cichlidae)","volume":"101C","author":"V. Wepener","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A"},{"issue":"35","key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170801101448","article-title":"Cadmium, organ toxicity and therapeutic approaches. A review on brain, kidney and testis damage","volume":"24","author":"M. Rinaldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jt\/2023\/2857650.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jt\/2023\/2857650.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jt\/2023\/2857650.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T20:05:19Z","timestamp":1677528319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jt\/2023\/2857650\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zongming","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["2857650","2857650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/2857650","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8205","1687-8191"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-8205"},{"type":"print","value":"1687-8191"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]}}}