{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:10:44Z","timestamp":1790644244204,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004173","name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Bisphosphonates are widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis; however, they are associated with the serious adverse event of bisphosphonate\u2010related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Aim. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-PHs) on the synthesis of IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, sRANKL, cathepsin K, and annexin V in bone cells cultured in vitro. Materials and Methods. Osteoblasts and bone marrow-derived osteoclasts were cultured in vitro, subjected to treatment with alendronate, risedronate, or ibandronate at a concentration of 10\u22125\u2009M for 0 to 96\u2009h and then assayed for IL-1\u03b2, sRANKL, and TNF-\u03b1 production by ELISA. Cathepsin K and Annexin V-FITC staining in osteoclasts were assessed by flow cytometry. Results. There was significant downregulation of IL-1\u03b2, sRANKL, and TNF-\u03b1 in experimental osteoblasts compared to control cells, and there was upregulation of IL-1\u03b2 and downregulation of RANKL and TNF-\u03b1 in experimental osteoclasts. Furthermore, in osteoclasts, cathepsin K expression was downregulated at 48\u201372\u2009h with alendronate treatment, while risedronate treatment resulted in upregulated annexin V expression at 48\u2009h compared to the control treatment. Conclusion. Bisphosphonates added to bone cells inhibited osteoclastogenesis, which led to the downregulation of cathepsin K and induction of apoptosis in osteoclasts; these changes limited the capacity of bone remodelling and healing that may contribute to BRONJ induced by surgical dental procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2960941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T16:01:34Z","timestamp":1676995294000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates Downregulate Cathepsin K and Upregulate Annexin V in Osteoclasts Cultured In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Arturo","family":"Bautista-Carbajal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Science Department, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metrolpolitana-Xochimilco, CDMX, 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