{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:59:05Z","timestamp":1778626745512,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/14\/E\/NZ6\/00365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/14\/E\/NZ6\/00365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many studies have demonstrated a general decline and dysregulation in immune functions with age. It is not clear, however, how the aging affects the immune surveillance of the female reproductive tract (FRT) by \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, a unique population of T lymphocytes that was shown to regulate homeostasis of epithelial barriers. First, we analyzed \u03b3\u03b4 T cell presence in FRT in young (2 months) and old (18 months) wild-type (WT) C57BL\/6 mice. We did not detect any changes in \u03b3\u03b4 T cell number nor distribution in the vaginas between the age groups, while in uteri, there was a twofold increase in \u03b3\u03b4 T cell number in aged mice. To check if \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes regulate a metabolic and immune status of aging vaginal tissue, we compared the expression of 84 aging-associated genes in young and old WT and \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell-deficient (Tcrd-\/-) mice. We discovered that only the Ltf (lactotransferrin) gene was downregulated in old Tcrd-\/- mice. In both mouse strains, we found similar age-dependent changes in cytokine production upon vaginal inflammation due to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation with CpG. With age in the vaginas, IL-1\u03b1 and IL-17A levels increased while IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and IFN\u03b3 levels were diminished in response to CpG. Similar trends were observed in uteri. Interestingly, under the inflammatory state, the lack of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in young individuals enhanced MCP-1 production in the vagina and decreased MCP-1 level in the uterus in old females. Our gene expression data point to an antimicrobial role of \u03b3\u03b4 T lymphocytes. The profile of secreted inflammatory cytokines shifted during aging toward the proinflammatory type, and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells played a modest fine-tuning role in immunoregulation in aged FRT. We believe this work expands our understanding of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell functions and the inflammaging in the murine reproductive epithelia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3072573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:50:08Z","timestamp":1674521408000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Age-Related Changes in Female Murine Reproductive Mucosa with respect to \u03b3\u03b4 T Cell Presence"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9448-8200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Skulska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0804-2710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna Ewa","family":"K\u0119dzierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8409-3974","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Krzy\u017cowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-6693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Chodaczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, 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