{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:11:19Z","timestamp":1791216679635,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovariectomy (OVX) causes a depletion of circulating estradiol (E2) and influences hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons, which govern gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and ultimately gonadotropin secretion. In this study, we examined the changes induced by OVX on the anterior pituitary gland in female rats. OVX significantly increased the mRNA expression of gonadotropin \u03b1, luteinizing hormone (LH) \u03b2, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) \u03b2 subunits within the pituitary gland compared with control (sham-operated) rats, and this was completely suppressed by E2 supplementation. High-dose dihydrotestosterone supplementation also prevented the OVX-induced increase in the expression of the three gonadotropin subunits. GnRH receptor mRNA expression within the pituitary was significantly increased in OVX rats, and this increase was completely inhibited by E2 supplementation. The mRNA expression of the receptors for adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and kisspeptin was unchanged by OVX. Although the mRNA levels of inhibin \u03b1, \u03b2A, and \u03b2B subunits within the pituitary gland were not modulated by OVX, follistatin gene expression within the pituitary gland was increased by OVX, and this increase was completely inhibited by E2 supplementation after OVX. In experiments using a pituitary gonadotroph cell model (L\u03b2T2 cells), follistatin itself did not modulate the mRNA expression of gonadotropin LH\u03b2 and FSH\u03b2 subunits, and the GnRH-induced increase in the expression of these genes was slightly inhibited in the presence of follistatin. Our current observations suggest that OVX induces several characteristic changes in the pituitary gland of rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3143347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T18:20:08Z","timestamp":1678558808000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of Ovariectomy on the Anterior Pituitary Gland in Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Aki","family":"Oride","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7011-8109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Kanasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, 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