{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:51:41Z","timestamp":1779306701783,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":286,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> remains a global health threat due to its alarming rates of becoming resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, identifying plant\u2010based treatment options to target this pathogen\u2019s virulence factors is a priority. This study examined the antivirulence activities of twelve plant extracts obtained from three South African medicinal plants (<jats:italic>Lippia javanica, Carpobrotus dimidiatus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Helichrysum populifolium<\/jats:italic>) against carbapenem\u2010resistant (CBR) and extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL) positive <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> The plant extracts (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol, and water) were validated for their inhibitory activities against bacterial growth and virulence factors such as biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, curli expression, and hypermucoviscosity. The potent extract on <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> biofilm was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while exopolysaccharide topography and surface parameters were observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chemical profiling of the potent extract <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> was analysed using liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS). Results revealed a noteworthy minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for the <jats:italic>C. dimidiatus<\/jats:italic> dichloromethane extract at 0.78\u2009mg\/mL on CBR\u2010 <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>L. javanica<\/jats:italic> (ethyl acetate) showed the highest cell attachment inhibition (67.25%) for CBR\u2010 <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae.<\/jats:italic> SEM correlated the <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic> findings, evidenced by a significant alteration of the biofilm architecture. The highest EPS reduction of 34.18% was also noted for <jats:italic>L. javanica<\/jats:italic> (ethyl acetate) and correlated by noticeable changes observed using AFM. <jats:italic>L. javanica<\/jats:italic> (ethyl acetate) further reduced hypermucoviscosity to the least length mucoid string (1\u2009mm\u20102\u2009mm) at 1.00\u2009mg\/mL on both strains. <jats:italic>C. dimidiatus<\/jats:italic> (aqueous) showed biofilm inhibition of 45.91% for the ESBL\u2010positive <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and inhibited curli expression at 0.50\u2009mg\/mL in both <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains as observed for <jats:italic>H. populifolium<\/jats:italic> (aqueous) extract. Chemical profiling of <jats:italic>L. javanica<\/jats:italic> (ethyl acetate), <jats:italic>C. dimidiatus<\/jats:italic> (aqueous), and <jats:italic>H. populifolium<\/jats:italic> (aqueous) identified diterpene (10.29%), hydroxy\u2010dimethoxyflavone (10.24%), and 4,5\u2010dicaffeoylquinic acid (13.41%), respectively, as dominant compounds. Overall, the ethyl acetate extract of <jats:italic>L. javanica<\/jats:italic> revealed potent antivirulence properties against the studied MDR <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains. Hence, it is a promising medicinal plant that can be investigated further to develop alternative therapy for managing <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3146588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T19:20:06Z","timestamp":1697311206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Extracts of Selected South African Medicinal Plants Mitigate Virulence Factors in Multidrug\u2010Resistant Strains of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8000-4447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idowu J.","family":"Adeosun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4561-3308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itumeleng T.","family":"Baloyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-0424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sekelwa","family":"Cosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-018-9591-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00114-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v13i2.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200490514032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25102283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2021.101537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2022.2148753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11111429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00875-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24996\/ijs.2019.60.7.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2017.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","first-page":"839","article-title":"Phytochemicals as chemotherapeutic agents and antioxidants: possible solution to the control of antibiotic resistant verocytotoxin producing bacteria","volume":"3","author":"Doughari J. H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2014.1001140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm88030039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Lippia javanica (Burm F) Spreng: its general constituents and bioactivity on mosquitoes","volume":"26","author":"Nzira L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tropical Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10081566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.111471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2019.1707016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060679"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8050117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2547-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-015-2031-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-011-0839-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18040661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/jmpr2021.7192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8178294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31254\/phyto.2019.8507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2017.09.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21553769.2014.969387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/phm.2014.2.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6746071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/162750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36922\/itps.v4i2.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Tephrosia procumbens buch ham","volume":"2","author":"Patwekar F. I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24142631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopr.2013.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2017.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11030283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-2837-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4651194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45060-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/sajs.2019\/6199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2019-255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2021.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2016.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00727"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.597735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01568"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1960101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3682757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_2","first-page":"4302","article-title":"Drug discovery and drug marketing with the critical roles of modern administration","volume":"10","author":"Chen J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2023\/3146588.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2023\/3146588.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2023\/3146588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:09:22Z","timestamp":1722956962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2023\/3146588"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Talha Bin","family":"Emran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2023\/3146588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/3146588","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-427X","1741-4288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3146588"}}