{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:46:26Z","timestamp":1790275586049,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol and cigarettes are the psychoactive substances that adolescents use most frequently. When both addictions are combined, they carry the worst burden of disease globally. The objective of this study was to identify whether socioeconomic factors correlate with alcohol and tobacco consumption in Mexican adolescents aged 10\u2009years or more and to establish the relationship in the consumption between the two substances. This ecological study utilized data describing alcohol and tobacco consumption among adolescents aged 10\u201316\u2009years (n\u2009=\u200948,837\u2009\u2248\u2009N\u2009=\u200911,621,100). Having ever consumed any alcohol-containing beverage constituted alcohol consumption. Smoking a cigarette within 30\u2009days constituted cigarette consumption. For both variables, the state-level percentages reported in the survey were used. Diverse socioeconomic variables were collected from official sources. Data on the prevalence of tobacco use and alcohol consumption were entered into an Excel database estimated for each of the states of the Mexican Republic, as well as the socioeconomic variables. We performed the analysis using Stata 14. Consumption prevalence was 15.0% for alcohol and 4.2% for tobacco. Alcohol consumption was not correlated with any studied socioeconomic variable (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&gt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among elementary school students correlated (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) with the portion of the population living in private dwellings without sewage, drainage, or sanitation (r\u2009=\u20090.3853). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among middle-school adolescents correlated with the portion of the employed population that earned up to two minimum wages (r\u2009=\u20090.3960), the percentage in poverty by income 2008 (r\u2009=\u20090.4754) and 2010 (r\u2009=\u20090.4531), and the percentage in extreme poverty by income 2008 (r\u2009=\u20090.4612) and 2010 (r\u2009=\u20090.4291). Positive correlations were found between tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption among both elementary (r\u2009=\u20090.5762, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.0006<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and middle-school children (r\u2009=\u20090.7016, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.0000<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). These results suggest that certain socioeconomic factors correlate with tobacco consumption but not alcohol consumption. A correlation between alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption was observed. The results can be used for developing interventions in adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3604004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T18:20:08Z","timestamp":1688408408000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Socioeconomic Inequalities in Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption: A National Ecological Study in Mexican Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Leticia","family":"\u00c1vila-Burgos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Systems Research Center, The National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Psychology, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de Lourdes","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9rica Patricia","family":"Pontigo-Loyola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Mora-Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladys Remigia","family":"Acu\u00f1a-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-9491","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlo Eduardo","family":"Medina-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico"},{"name":"Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry \u201cKeisaburo Miyata\u201d, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","article-title":"Organizaci\u00f3n mundial de la salud. alcohol","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud. 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