{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:09:45Z","timestamp":1789542585980,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":227,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction.<\/jats:italic> Schistosomiasis is causing high morbidity and significant mortality in endemic areas. Kato\u2010Katz stool examination and urine filtration techniques are the conventional methods for the detection of intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis. The most appropriate diagnostic tools for the detection of schistosomiasis especially in low\u2010prevalence settings should be used. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the diagnostic accuracy of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> diagnostic tools in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Electronic databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central\/Medline, HINARI, Scopus, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were reviewed. The pooled estimates and heterogeneity were determined using Midas in Stata 14.0. The diagnostic accuracy of index tests was compared using the hierarchical summary of the receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve in Stata 14.0. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Twenty\u2010four studies consisting of 12,370 individuals were tested to evaluate the accuracy of antigen, antibody, and molecular test methods for the detection of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>. The pooled estimate of sensitivity and specificity of CCA was 88% (95% CI: 83\u201092) and 72 (95% CI: 62\u201080), respectively, when it is compared with parasitological stool examination for <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> detection. On the other hand, ELISA showed a pooled estimate of sensitivity and specificity of 95% (95% CI: 93\u201096) and 35% (95% CI: 21\u201052), respectively, for the examination of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> using stool examination as a reference test. With regard to <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>, the pooled estimate of sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction was 97% (95% CI: 78\u2010100) and 94% (95% CI: 74\u201099), respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of urine CCA vary between 41\u201080% and 55\u201091%, respectively, compared to urine microscopy. <jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> The effort of schistosomiasis elimination requires accurate case identification especially in low\u2010intensity infections. This study showed that CCA had the highest sensitivity and moderate specificity for the diagnosis of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>. Similarly, the sensitivity of ELISA was excellent, but its specificity was low. The diagnostic accuracy of PCR for the detection of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> was excellent compared to urine microscopic examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3769931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T20:50:16Z","timestamp":1692219016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests for Detecting <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> and <i>S. haematobium<\/i> in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2339-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel 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