{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:58:26Z","timestamp":1773010706078,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI153390-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI153390-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Congenital syphilis (CS) is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. The study objectives were to compare risk factors among women with syphilis infection whose pregnancies did and did not result in CS cases and to evaluate other geographic and socioeconomic characteristics of county of residence as a measure of healthcare inequity. Methods. This study linked maternal and congenital syphilis data from the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH), 2008-2015. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline was followed. Demographic, behavioral, and case characteristics were compared among women with syphilis infection who did and did not have an infant with CS. Chi-square, Fisher\u2019s exact, and multivariate regression analyses were performed using STATA 14.2 (College Station, TX). Results. Of 505 women with syphilis infection, 23% had an infant with CS, while 77% did not. After adjusting for race\/ethnicity, factors associated with CS outcome were age greater than 35 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-14.89), hospital\/emergency department diagnosis of syphilis (aOR 3.43; 95% CI 1.54-7.62), and high-risk behaviors such as exchanging sex for money or drugs (aOR 3.25; 95% CI 1.18-8.98). There were no associations between characteristics of county of residence and CS outcome. Conclusions. This study highlights risk factors that may be associated with CS incidence and the adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with CS. Further work is needed to study improved data collection systems, contributing factors related to CS as well as prevention measures in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3958406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T19:50:13Z","timestamp":1699473013000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk Factors Associated with Congenital Syphilis, Georgia, 2008-2015"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0358-5107","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alisa","family":"Kachikis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Schiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Chapple-McGruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Park Department of Public Health, Oak Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Arluck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Hitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6444a3"},{"issue":"6","key":"2","first-page":"433","article-title":"Maternal syphilis: pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"82","author":"S. 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Berman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization."},{"key":"3","volume-title":"The Global Elimination of Congenital Syphilis: Rationale and Strategy for Action","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ771"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70104-9"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001396"},{"key":"7","volume-title":"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2020","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2022"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000105003.72411.FB"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.2.106"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116545"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31815bb335"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.7.853"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354916688269"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-33"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200102000-00006"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31826ac25f"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000838"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31816c4e27"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.021352"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318210027d"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.4.597"},{"key":"22","article-title":"Notifyable Disease\/Condition Reporting","author":"Georgia Department of Public Health","year":"2016"},{"key":"23","article-title":"Subject 511-5-4 serologic test for syphilis for pregnant women: the office of the secretary of state","author":"Rules and Regulations for the State of Georgia","year":"2017"},{"key":"24","article-title":"Personal interview regarding syphilis reporting and data collection by the Georgia Department of Public Health","author":"L. 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