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Cardiac remodeling has been demonstrated to be the early stage and common pathway for various types of cardiomyopathy, but no specific treatment has been suggested to prevent its development and progress. This study was aimed at assessing whether Cryptotanshinone (CTS) treatment could effectively attenuate cardiac remodeling in vivo and in vitro. Methods. Aortic banding (AB) surgery was performed to establish a pressure-overload-induced mouse cardiac remodeling model. Echocardiography and pressure-volume proof were used to examine mouse cardiac function. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Picro-Sirius Red (PSR) staining were used to assess cardiac remodeling in vivo. Mouse hearts were collected to analysis signaling pathway and cardiac remodeling markers, respectively. Furthermore, neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRCMs) and cardiac fibroblast (CF) were isolated to investigate the roles and mechanisms of CTS treatment in vitro. Results. CTS administration significantly alleviated pressure-overload-induced mouse cardiac dysfunction, inhibited cardiac hypertrophy, and reduced cardiac fibrosis. Mechanically, CTS treatment significantly inhibited the STAT3 and TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD3 signaling pathways. In vitro experiments, CTS treatment markedly inhibited AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and TGF-\u03b2-induced myofibroblast activation via inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation. Finally, CTS treatment could not protect against pressure overload-induced mouse cardiac remodeling after adenovirus-associated virus (AAV)9-mediated STAT3 overexpression in mouse heart. Conclusion. CTS treatment might attenuate pathological cardiac remodeling via inhibiting STAT3-dependent pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4015199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T20:20:44Z","timestamp":1674850844000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cryptotanshinone Attenuated Pathological Cardiac Remodeling In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0118-5089","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wen-jing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 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